SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED CONTROL BY V/F METHOD THROUGH MICROCONTROLLER

GUIDED BY: Shri M.P.S. CHAWLA Assoc. Professor Electronics)

SUBMITTED BY: VIPIN GUPTA M.E. (Power

Introduction

Speed control was used in DC motors because of constant speed operation at all load and simple controller design but it was inefficient and required high maintenance.

Now, Due to the advancement in microcontroller and

power electronics; Induction motors are being used in greater numbers throughout a wide variety of domestic

and commercial applications because it provides many

benefits and reliable device to convert the electrical energy into mechanical motion.

Continue.

Because of the only availability of single phase power for the domestic purpose. So, here we implemented a single phase motor speed control hardware to control various appliances such as

washing machines, fans, hand-held power tools and induction motor-based centrifugal pump.

Literature Survey

literature

study

is

performed

about

various

methods of controlling the speed of the single

phase induction motor and come to the conclusion that the best solution is using a PSC (permanent slip capacitor) motor with three-phase inverter bridge.

This system allows varying the induction motors speed, varying the frequency and voltage.

Continue.

It was made implementing PWM (Pulse Width

Modulation)
microcontroller.

control

algorithms

in

PIC

Microcontroller output signals are sent to the IGBTs driver and finally to the IGBTs, where DC bus

(generated by a rectifier) is synthesized to provide

two Sinusoidal voltages at 90 degrees out of phase with varying amplitude and varying frequency to fed

the motor, according to the V/f profile.

Speed Control Of Induction Motor

The speed of an Induction Motor is given as follows

N = 120 f / P

The torque equation of the induction motor can be expressed as follows

T = [(k2f2)/(Rr/s)2+(Llr)2 ]*Rr/S

Various Speed Control Techniques

Pole changing Stator voltage control Rotor resistance control Stator frequency control

V/F constant control

V/F Method Of Speed Control

In this mode of operation, the voltage across the

magnetizing inductance in the exact equivalent circuit

reduces in amplitude with reduction in frequency

Smooth variation of voltage and frequency of the AC

output

The current through the inductance and the flux in the machine remains constant

Torque-speed Curves With V/F Held Constant

SPIM Requirements

Voltage ratio Vaux/Vmain is approximately equal to the

effective turns ratio a, Naux/Nmain(1.37 for the motor

used for this project)

Current ratio is Iaux/Imain=1/a Vaux leads Vmain by 90

at rated frequency

Constant V/Hz (voltage frequency ratio) for adjustable

speed control

Configuration Of SPIM Drive

Circuit Topology Of Drive

MICROCONTROLLER CONTROL CIRCUIT INPUT

RECTIFIE R

INVERTER

Pulse Width Modulation

To digitalize the power

To produce the desired RMS output

Triangle wave is used as carrier and reference signal is sinusoidal wave, whose frequency is the desired frequency

To produce the desired fundamental component of frequency

PWM AND FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

Problem Formulation

Input section is replaced with a standard diode

bridge rectifier

Output section has a 3-phase inverter bridge

One end of the main winding and start windings are connected to one half bridge each, The other are tied together and connected to the third half bridge

Circuit Diagram

PIC16F72 Microcontroller

To control 3-phase inverter bridge

Generate PWM frequency approximately 8 KHz

Timer1 (1:4 prescale) is counted up from 00 to 634

Gives a dead time of one micro second when the microcontroller is running at 20 MHz

PORT C <0:5> are initialized to output PWMs

Continue

A/D channels are initialized to read frequency reference (AN1) -Frequency reference is read using a potentiometer connected to A/D channel 1.

Timer0 is used for setting the motor frequency based on the potentiometer setting

The sine table is loaded into RAM

Timer0 overflow, Timer1 overflow and INT interrupts are enabled

PIC16F72 Pin Description

Microcontroller Limitation

Generating software PWM takes significant processing power. This limits any other application that may be required to run on the same MCU

The safe PWM frequency range is from 6 khz to 10 kHz with an operating frequency of 20 Mhz. The PWM cycle may have an error up to 5%.

The resolution is also limited between 6 to 8 bits. In addition

to this, generating PWM outputs in firmware uses the on-chip Timer, program and data memory.

Driver IRAMS10UP60A

Integrated Gate Drivers and Bootstrap Diodes Temperature Monitor Temperature and Over current shut down Fully Isolated Package

Low VCE (on) Non Punch Through IGBT Technology

Under-voltage lockout for channels

Continue..

Matched propagation delay for all channels Low side IGBT emitter pins for current control Schmitt-triggered input logic Cross-conduction prevention logic

Lower di/dt gate driver for better noise immunity

Internal Electrical Sechmatic-IRAMS10UP60A

Printed Circuit Board Designing

Eagle PCB layout editor 6.1.0 is used Developed the schematic of the circuit Convert its schematic into board which is required PCB layout

Schematic of Circuit

PCB Layout

Power Supply

5 V DC supply for microcontroller 15 V DC supply for Driver Power Module- IRAMS10UP60A 30 V Isolated power Supply for generate the results

Coding

Coding is done in Assembly language MP Lab assembler is used for the simulation MP Lab assembler is also used for generating of Hex file of the code

Results
Auxiliary and Main winding voltage respectively at 25 Hz

Auxiliary and Main winding voltage respectively at 40 Hz

Auxiliary and Main winding voltage respectively at 60 Hz

Implemented Hardware

Discussion & Conclusion

It is the single-phase induction motor that makes the less noise. Excellent for applications with high on/off cycle rates. Most reliable of the single-phase motors. The best choice for variable speed control.

Scope & Future Work

In addition, a 3-phase induction motor can be controlled using the firmware Gives flexibility to the system without changing hardware We can protect the hardware by adding over current, over voltage and over temperature peripheral circuitry and complex software programming.