Topic 1 Information Technology

Topic 1
1.1 Development of Information Technology
sanggagagakputih.blogspot.com
Define Information Technology. Briefly describe the development of Information Technology.
Information Technology (IT) is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information.
http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition.asp http://ccs.mit.edu/21c/iokey.html
computer hardware and software
store, retrieve & manipulate
information
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Information Technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems.
The development of IT from stand-alone computer, mainframe, client-server network, distributed computing and the latest trend which is the cloud computing.
A personal computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. or A personal computer that is not connected to any other computer or network, except possibly through a modem.
Contains a processor, memory, one or more input, output, and storage devices. Also often contain a communication device. Two types of personal computers are desktop computers and notebook computers.
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user).
Mainframe computers are typically:
Powerful: They can process vast amounts of data, very quickly, or in other words They are capable of great processing speed & data storage. Example: Insurance company uses mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.
Large: Able to store tremendous amounts of data, instructions & information. Physically, they are often kept in special, air-conditioned rooms; used by large businesses, government offices, or universities.
Mainframe computers are typically:
Multi-user: They allow several users (sometimes hundreds) to use the computer at the same time, connected via remote terminals (screens and keyboards), therefore a highperformance computer used for large-scale computing purposes.
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Example:
If you used an automated teller machine (ATM) to interact with your bank account, you used a mainframe.
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Computers connected together to create a network which fall into two categories: clients (workstations) and servers.
The Client
The Server
Computer on a network that requests Computer that controls access to the resources from the server. Also called hardware, software, and other a workstation. resources on a network, and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.
Note: Server can be a mainframe computer used in a network environment.
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Servers are special, powerful computers that provide services to the client computers on the network. These services might include: Providing a central, common file storage area Sharing hardware such as printers Controlling who can or cant have access the network Sharing Internet connections
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Client-server network: Network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers (clients) on the network request services from the server.
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An architecture in which the user's PC (the client) is the requesting machine, and the server is the supplying machine, both of which are connected via a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet.
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Your computer with a Web browser such as Google Chrome
Client:
1. Request sent for: http://www.yahoo.com 2. Web document sent back to client by server With address http://www.yahoo.com
Server:
3. This is what displayed through your Web browser sanggagagakputih.blogspot.com
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Distributed computing is a distributed system consists of multiple autonomous (independent) computers that communicate through a computer network. The purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared resources or provide communication services to all users. It is used to solve complicated tasks by dividing them into sub tasks that can run by the collection of computers having network. Therefore, it is a type of system that divides a workload to computers connected to a network to achieve a common target.
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The computers that are in a distributed system can be connected by local network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). And can consist of any number of possible configurations, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations & minicomputers to make such network as a single system. A common architecture of distributed computing is the clientserver network that involved large scale computing.
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Example of Distributed Computing: Logistic System For example, a client can provide a form onto which a user can enter orders for a product. The client sends this order information to the server, which checks the product database & perform tasks that are needed for billing & shipping. Dozens or hundreds of clients can interact with a few servers that control database access.
Internet
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Logistic System:
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Logistic System: A client can provide a form onto which a user can enter orders for a product. The client sends this order information to the server, which checks the product database & perform tasks that are needed for billing & shipping.
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Cloud computing is an Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users, whereby data is stored at a server on the Internet & available anywhere the Internet can be accessed. or Cloud computing is Internet-based computing whereby shared resources, software & information are provided to computers & other devices on-demand (i.e. mobile devices).
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Acts as a new model for computing that frees users from owning, maintaining & storing software & data. Example of Cloud Application: Dropbox is a Web-based file hosting service operated by Dropbox, Inc. that uses cloud computing to enable users to store & share files & folders with others across the Internet using file synchronization.
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The basic components of cloud computing are clients, the Internet, & service providers.
The Client: Includes corporations & end users who want access to data, programs, & storage anytime, anywhere through an Internet connection.
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The Internet: Provides the connections between the clients & the providers. Two critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are: 1. The speed of the Internet 2. The Internets capability to provide safe & reliable transmission of data & programs.
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Service providers: Organizations that are connected to the Internet willing to provide access to software, data, & storage for a fee or perhaps even for free.
An example is Google Apps,
which provides free access to programs with capabilities similar to Microsofts Word, Excel & PowerPoint.
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Service providers: Top companies such as IBM, Intel, Google, Yahoo are pursuing & beginning to offer cloud computing.
Using cloud computing, a computer with less storage, memory, or
processing can run the same applications as a more powerful computer.
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Definition of Information Technology Information Technology (IT) is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information.
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This table summarizes some of the differences among the categories of computers. This is a general guideline because of rapid changes in technology.
Categories of Computers Category Stand-alone computer Physical Size Fits on a desk Users Usually one (can be more if networked) Hundreds to thousands General Characteristics Able to perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user). Computer on a network that requests resources from the server. Also called a workstation.
Mainframes
Partial room to a full room of equipment Fits on a desk
Clients /
One to hundreds
Servers
Small cabinet
Computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network, and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. sanggagagakputih.blogspot.com
Two to thousands
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This table summarizes some of the differences among the categories of computing. This is a general guideline because of rapid changes in technology.
Categories of Computing Category Distributed Computing Components Mainframes, personal computers, workstations & minicomputers Clients, the Internet, & service providers. Users Hundreds to thousands General Characteristics A type of system that divides a workload to computers connected to a network to achieve a common target. Is an Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users, whereby data is stored at a server on the Internet & available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.
Cloud Computing
Hundreds to thousands
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Define Information Technology (IT). Describe: Stand-alone computer Mainframes Client-Server Distributed Computing Cloud Computing
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Chapter 1
Introduction To Information Technology
1.2 The application of Information Technology
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Learning Outcomes : At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Discuss the applications of Information Technology
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IT Applications
MANUFACTURING EDUCATION TRAVEL IT in everyday life PUBLISHING HEALTH CARE
SCIENCE
GOVERNMENT
FINANCE
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IT APPLICATION- 1. Education
Today, educators are turning to computers to assist with education.
Applications : Self access learning Distance learning
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a) Self Access Learning
Learning process by using Compact Disc
(CD), Digital Video Disc (DVD) or via Internet
e.g: Online Tuition, e-test
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Score A
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www.tutor.com.my
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JPJ e-test
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b) Distance Learning
The instructor and student in physically separate locations but can communicate via video conferencing, e-mails and bulletin boards.
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International Islamic University Malaysia Portal
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IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care

The medical staffs around us will be using computers for various purposes.
Applications :
Telemedicine
Medline
Teaching physical
education by using software application.
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Telemedicine
Health care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer.
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Medline
Many Web sites provide up-to-date medical, fitness, nutrition or exercise information.
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www.maycare.com
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www.malaysiahealthcare.com
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- Teaching Physical Education by using software application, CDROM and ICT tools. to analyze the physical activity action. to enhance athletes performances.
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IT APPLICATION- 3. Finance
Many people and companies use computer to help manage their finance. Applications : Online banking
Online investing
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Online banking Users can pay their bills via the Internet
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Advantages:
Users can access financial records from anywhere from the world.
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Online Investing
Investors use online investing to buy and sell stocks and bonds without using a broker. With online investing, the transaction fee for each trade is much less than when trading through a broker.
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IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel
Application : Car Navigation System by Global Positioning System (GPS) Airport air traffic Automatic toll payment system Ticket reservation system
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1. Car Navigation System by Global
Positioning System (GPS) Combined technology of locating, mapping and route guidance of cars The location of the car is estimated by a GPS receiver.
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2. Airport air traffic The workers in airport tower rely on computers to
help monitor air traffic
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3. Automatic Toll Payment System
By using a Smart card that contains microchip technology embedded in it
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Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad
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Airline Companies
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MARA Liner
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IT APPLICATION- 5. Government
A government provides society with direction by making and administering policies. To provide citizens with up-to-date information, most government offices have Web sites. It can provide a better service to citizens. This service makes it easier for citizens to conduct their affairs with government. It can increase efficiency of government.
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Example:
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Examples:
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JobsMalaysia
Electronic Guarantee Letter (e-GL)
e - Syariah e - PBT (e Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan) e Filing (e.g: e.hasil.gov.my) e - Khidmat (e.g: jpj.myeg.com.my) e - Perolehan Management Information System (MIS) (e.g: mis.kmm.matrik.edu.my)
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IT APPLICATION- 6. Manufacturing
1) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
The use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes. CAM is used by a variety of industries, food production, automobile manufacturing, etc
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2) Products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining prices and managing inventory.
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IT APPLICATION- 7. Publishing
Publishing is the process of making works available to the public. These works include books, magazines, newspaper, video, etc. Many publishers make their works available online.
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Digital newspaper
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Digital Magazine
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IT APPLICATION- 8. Science
- All branches of science use IT to assist them with collecting, analyzing and modelling data. Examples: Cochlear implant (allow a deaf person to listen)
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IT APPLICATION- 8. Science
Examples: Electrodes implant in the brain for Parkinson's patients.
'Bionic' eye implant that could help restore
the sight of millions of blind people.
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Summary
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IT Applications
MANUFACTURING EDUCATION TRAVEL IT in everyday life PUBLISHING HEALTH CARE
SCIENCE
GOVERNMENT
FINANCE
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T.H.E Man Find G.P.S
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Topic 1 Information Technology

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Topic 1

1.1 Development of Information Technology

Define Information Technology. Briefly describe the development of Information Technology.

computer hardware and software

store, retrieve & manipulate

Mainframe computers are typically:

Mainframe computers are typically:

Your computer with a Web browser such as Google Chrome

3. This is what displayed through your Web browser sanggagagakputih.blogspot.com

processing can run the same applications as a more powerful computer.

Partial room to a full room of equipment Fits on a desk

Discuss the applications of Information Technology

Applications : Self access learning Distance learning

(CD), Digital Video Disc (DVD) or via Internet

e.g: Online Tuition, e-test

International Islamic University Malaysia Portal

IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care

IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care

IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care

IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care

help monitor air traffic

By using a Smart card that contains microchip technology embedded in it

'Bionic' eye implant that could help restore

the sight of millions of blind people.

T.H.E Man Find G.P.S

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