Types of GIS

Types of GIS
•Vector GIS

•Raster GIS

•Hybrid GIS
 Vector approach

• It is used for storing information about the

boundaries between areas. It is suitable for
storing information about contour, road, and
network analysis.
 Raster approach

• It is method of storing
information about the
interior of the areas. This
raster model is appropriated
for storing information
about inside the boundary of
a lake or inside the
boundary of a forest.
 In a vector model
• Objects (Point, lines) are defined
by its positions with coordinates
and topology. In this model
spatial entities represent more or
less they represent in the real
world.

• Point item – one (x, y) coordinate

• Line – a set of (x, y) coordinates

• Polygon – a polygon is an area

bounded by a closed loop of
straight line segments.
 Kinds of Vector Data Model
• There are three kinds of vector data model,
they are
– The Spaghetti model

– The Topological model

– The Trangulated irregular network model

 The Spaghetti Data model
• Major bends are nodes
• Points in between the
bends are vertices.
• Lines between vertices
are called arcs.
Topological Data Structure

•Nodes are Two end points

•There can be several vertices between
nodes
•There is only one arc between any two
nodes
 The Triangulated irregular network model

•TIN is a vector based topological data model that is used to represent terrain data.
•TIN represents the terrain surface as a set of the interconnected triangular facts.
•For each of the three vertices, x, y, z coordinates are encoded.
 In a raster model
• The space is regularly subdivided into cells (usually
square in shape). The location of geographic objects
or conditions is defined by the row and column
position of the cells they occupy.
 Hybrid GIS

Hybrid GIS is the integration of Raster and Vector GIS.

Advantage and Disadvantages of
Raster and Vector Data Models:
 Vector Data Models:
Advantages:
• Good representation of data
• Topology can be described for network analysis
• Compact data structure
• Efficient network analysis
• Efficient projection transformation
• Accurate map output
Disadvantages:
• Complex data structure
• Expansive technology
• Analysis is complex
• Difficult overlay operations
• Not compatible with remote sensing imagery.
 Raster Data Model
Advantages:
• Simple data structure
• Spatial analysis easy
• Cheap technology
• Easy and efficient overlaying
• Compatible with remote sensing imagery
• High spatial variability is efficiently represented
• Simple of Own Programming
• Same grid cell for several attributes

Disadvantages:
• Large data volume
• Inefficient use of computer storage
• Difficult network analysis
• Inefficient projection analysis
• Loss of information when using large cells
• Less accurate (although attractive) maps.