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Principles of Mass Transfer

By Inayati

Contents
Mass Transfer

Molecular Diffusion Chapter 6

Convective Mass Transfer Chapter 7

Gases

Liquid

Solid

Introduction
Mass Transfer When a component in a mixture migrates in the same phase or from phase to phase because of a difference in concentration
rate of a transfer process = driving force resistance

Examples of mass transfer


Evaporation of water in the open pail to the atmosphere Coffee dissolves in water Oxygen dissolves in the solution to the microorganism in the fermentation process Reaction occurs when reactants diffuse from the surrounding medium to the catalyst surface

Possible driving force for mass transfer


1.Concentration different 2.Pressure different 3.Electrical gradient, etc

Types of Mass Transfer


1. Molecular diffusion Transfer of individual molecules through a fluid by random movement From high concentration to low concentration E.g. a drop of blue liquid dye is added to a cup of water the dye molecules will diffuse slowly by molecular diffusion to all parts of the water. - To increase this rate of mixing of the dye, the liquid can be mechanically agitated by a spoon and convective mass transfer will occur. 2. Convective mass transfer Using mechanical force or action to increase the rate of molecular diffusion E,g stirred the water to dissolve coffee during coffee making

Molecular Diffusion
Diffusion of molecules when the bulk fluid is stationary given by Ficks law

dx A J cDAB dz
* A

c - total conc. of A and B (kgmol A+B/ m3) xA - mole fraction of A DAB- molecular diffusivity of A in B (m2/s)

If total conc., c is constant and cA=xAc, then:


J D AB
* A

dc A dz

Example 6.1.1(pg 413):Molecular Diffusion of Helium in Nitrogen


A mixture of He and N2 gas is contained in a pipe at 298 K and 1 atm total pressure which is constant throughout. At one end of the pipe at point 1 the partial pressure pA1 of He is 0.60 atm and at the other end 0.2 m (20 cm) pA2 = 0.20 atm. Calculate the flux of He at steady state if DAB of the He-N2 mixture is 0.687 x 10-4 m2/s (0.687 cm2/s).

Integrate the equation:


D AB (c A1 c A 2 ) J z 2 z1
* A

From ideal gas law, pAV = nART, and

p A1 nA c A1 RT V
DAB ( p A1 p A 2 ) J RT ( z 2 z1 )
* A

Convective Mass Transfer


When a fluid flowing outside a solid surface in forced convection motion, rate of convective mass transfer is given by:

N A k c (c L1 c Li )
kc - mass transfer coefficient (m/s) cL1 bulk fluid conc. cLi - conc of fluid near the solid surface kc depends onSystem geometry, Fluid properties & Flow velocity

Thanks

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