HOMO CREATOR

Introduction

Kreativiti adalah subset disiplin PSIKOLOGI. Kreativiti suatu bidang yang bersifat fashionable dan setiap orang menggunakan perkataan tersebut Terdapat lebih 15 500 buku, jurnal, ensaiklopedia, dan artikel dalam bidang kreativiti; 2000 Phd tesis Terdapat lebih 100 sarjana yang menekuni bidang kreativiti Kreativiti adalah subset disiplin PSIKOLOGI. Kreativiti suatu bidang yang bersifat fashionable dan setiap orang menggunakan perkataan tersebut Terdapat lebih 15 500 buku, jurnal, ensaiklopedia, dan artikel dalam bidang kreativiti; 2000 Phd tesis Terdapat lebih 100 sarjana yang menekuni bidang kreativiti

Historical Glance
William Duff (1767) write about qualities of original genius creative act Sir Francis Galton scientific research on the nature of genius mental capacities are inherited Franz Gall (19th century) how the human brain works (speech located in the frontal lobes of each brain hemisphere) Gestalt (German) Mental patterns or forms Paul Broca (1861) interaction between the two halves of hemispheres and how it contribute to creative thinking William James first scientist to make a case for the interaction of the evironment with genetic inheritance. Enviroment is a powerful influence the ability (ability & unconscious ideas) Sigmund Freud Creativity as a result of overcoming some traumatic experience (in childhood) Graham Wallas (1926) propose of 4 stages of creative process (the partnership of the concious and the unconcious)

Historical Glance

After 2nd world war looked at creativity in natural science and maths strongly aesthetic connotations, elf expression & communication & as a medium of beautfying J.P Guildford (1950) a drastic change in the scientific study of creativity (American Psychology of American) introduced a new componet in the structure of intellect termed DIVERGENT THINKING. (contrasted with CONVERGENT THINKING) E.P Torrance (1960) TCTT (creativity test) 1970s onward Creativity in education and multidisicipline (Lateral thinking etc) 1990 -2000 Creativity as economic and business activity 2000 onward Creativity as Innovations (in organizational level)

Scholars in Creativity

J.P Guildford E.P Torance Robert J. Sternberg Teresa Amabile, Edward de Bono Margaret Boden Ned Hermann Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi David Perkins John S. Dacey Kathleen H. Lennon Tony Proctor Robert T. Keegan Andrei G. Alienikov Robert Root Bernstein Robert W. Weisberg Tord.I. Lubart R. Ripple James kaufman

Mark A. Runco Steven R. Pritzker Colin Martindale Gregory J. Feist Gary A. Davis Goran Ekvall Tudor Rickards Paul B. Paulus Robert Epstein R. Keith Sawyer Arthur J. Cropley Dean K. Simonton Jane Piirto Howard E. Gruber Kevin Dunbar John Feldhusen Albert Rothernberg Daniel fasko John

V I

T Y

Person

Product

Process

Environment

Visual Holistik Intuitif Inovatif Imaginatif Emosional Kerohanian Sensori Perasan

Risk & unknown Zone

Comfort zone

TERRA INCOGNITA ZONE (New zone to explore)

If you dont take a risk on a new idea, that in itself becomes a risk

Tsuyodhi Kikukawa Olympus President

PHILOSOPHY

WESTERN

ISLAM

Aliran neo-sophisme

Relativistik Skeptik Utiliti Pragmatik Generatif

Al-Quran Al-Sunnah Kreativiti ketuhanan

Aliran Intuisionisme

Jonathan Livingston Seagull oleh Richard Bach (1970)

The Symbol of C
Change
WORLDVIEW Paradigm Shift

Transform

Etimology

Creare (to make); Krainein (to fulfill) Latin Abad ke-16, 17 & 18 (sciences, art, literature, poem, novel etc) Abad ke-19 - Creatum/Create (to produce/to make) (the finished product) vs (an ongoing process) Creativity is multidimensional concept (Ng, 2001)

Definition
Creativity is multidimensional concept (Ng, 2001)
Bringing together ideas that were previously unrelated David Perkins (1996) An idea is creative if that person (the creator) could not have had that idea before Margaret Boden (1990) Creativity as a novel product that attains some level of social recognition Combination of abilities, skills, motivations and attitudes (Ripples, 1999)

Definition
Focusing on individual person, creativity is defined as an thinking,personal properties and motivation. This interaction involves anumber of paradoxes in that apparently contradictory elementshave to coexist for creativity to emerge Encylopedia of Creativity (1999) Creative thinking is the ability to bring something of new existence. (Websters Dictionary 1976) Creativity is the making of new and rearranging of the old. (Mike Vance, 1995) Being creative is seeing the same thing as everybody else but thinking of something different. (Wycoff, 1995)

Definition
Something or some process that is original, novel, newly thought
of, and in some cases as being useful. (Amabile, 1999) the ability to bring something of new existence (Oxford Dictionary, 1976) Creativity is to bring something into being (Gupta, 2007) Looking at what everybody else is looking but thinking of what nobody else has thought (A.S Goyrgy, 2001)

Definition
Bringing together ideas that were previously unrelated The process of producing something is both original & worthwhile (Sternberg, 1996) Bringing together ideas that were previously unrelated (Perkins, 1996) An idea is creative if that person (the creator) could not have had that idea before (Boden, 1990) Creativity is the making of new and rearranging of the old. (Mike Vance, 1995) Being creative is seeing the same thing as everybody else but thinking of something different. (Wycoff, 1995)

Creative Process@ CPS

Preparation

Incubation

Insight

Verification

Evaluation

Elaboration

Definition
Something or some process that is original, novel, newly thought of, and in some cases as being useful. (Amabile, 1999) Creativity is the ability to produce work that is novel (original, unexpected), high in quality and appropriate. (Lubart, 1994; Osche 1990; Sternberg 1999) Creativity is extra/ordinary, original and fitting, full-filling, in(ter)ventive, co-coperative, un/conscious, fe/male, recreation (Rob pope, 2005) Creativity denotes a persons capacity to produce new or original ideas, insights, inventions or artistic products which are accepted by experts as being of scientific, aesthetic, social or technical value (Vernon, 1989)

Definition
Creativity is the connecting and rearrange of knowledge in the minds of people who will allow themselves to think flexibly to generate new, often surpeising ideas that others judge to be useful (Plsek, 1997)
Creativity is the ability to generate lots of new ideas, new concepts or new ways of solving problems or fulfilling opportunities. It can consits of new, novel or different ways of looking at a problem or an adaptation of different method of solving problem (John, 2009)

Creativity Myths
Creativity comes from the unconscious Children are more creative than adults Creativity represnets the inner spirit of the individual Creativity is spontaneous inspiration Everyone is creative Creativity is the same thing as originality Fine arts is more creative than craft Creativity is only found in crazy-neurotic people Creativity is a special talent Creativity is only found in the arts

Creativity Myths
Only special geniuses are creative think outside the box To be creative, you must be totally original Creativity means producing something tangible Originality is inborn Creativity is easy Creativity is only for the young Creativity is good Creative genuises are experts on all topics (Gamez, 1996, Plsek, 1997 & Havard Business Essentials, 2003)

Category

Everyday creativity

Social creativity Instant creativity Ordinary creativity

Serious creativity Natural creativity Individual creativity (eminent creativity) Scientific /technological - arstistic creativity Group creativity Organizational creativity Societal creativity

Level
H Kreativiti (C) (20 40 tahun)
P Kreativiti (c)

(Boden, 1998; Sternberg, 2001)

Creativity Indicator
ORIGINALITY APPROPRIATNESS NEWNESS USEFULNESS

Basadur, 1998; McKinnon, 2001, Treffinger, 2003 & Ekvall, 2006)

Approaches

WESTERN & SECULAR SPIRITUAL

The divine nature of humanity The human being became sort of God Purest expression of the spirit of the individual The essence of divinity

Islamic Approach

THEORITICAL APPROACH

Psychoanalysis (Freud; Gastalt) Cognitive (Galton, Piaget, Bartlett, Rothenberg, Guillford, Torrance, Mednick, Guildford, Kohler, Koffka, Dewey, Ghisellin, Freud, Kogan, Wallas, Mednicks etc) Creative Problem Solving Personality (Rogers, Jung, Fromm, Lehman, Goldberg, Dennis etc) Social- humanistic (Maslow, Rogers, Gardner, John-Steiner, Simonton, Amabile, Amabile Dacey, etc) Systems (Sternberg,Lubert, Csikzenmihalyi etc) Biological (Gardner, Jamison, Dacey, Leenon, Restak, Simonton etc) Pragmatic Creative problem solving (de Bono, Arieti, Alan Black, Isaksen, Von Oeach etc) Mystic/myth

Theory of Creativity

The Investment Theory (sternberg & Lubart, 1995) Buy low; sell high in realm of ideas Creative act involves an element of risk in it. failure is punished Six interrelated factors as essential to this process (intellectual abilities, knowledge, Styles of thinking, personality, motivation & environment)

Theory of Creativity

Cognitive theory Divergent & Convergent thinking (J.P Guildford, 1950) Metaphors Analogies Mental models Association
FLUENCY - producing a large number of solutions FLEXIBILITY - considering a variety of approaches simultaneously ORIGINALITY producing ideas that others have not thought of ELABORATION thinking through details and execution

Theory of Creativity

The propulsion model (Sternberg et al. (1999) 8 kinds of contributions, categorized on the basis of their relationship to the domain.

1. Replication to keep things status quo (repoduce past work)

2. Redefenition - takes a new look at the domain. 3. Forward Incrementation (pushes forward the domain just a little) 4. The advanced forward incrementation - pushes the domain ahead two steps instead of one. 5. Redirection an attempt to redirect the domain to head in a new direction 6. Reconstruction redirection an attempt to move the field back to where it once was. 7. Reinitiation tries to moves the field to a new 9as yet unreached) 8. Integration two diverse domains are merged to create a new idea.

Triachic Theory - Sternberg (1990)

Synthetic skills

Analytical Skills

Practical Skills

Csikszentmihalyi (1986) System Theory

3
2 1

1. Hasil kerja dan Domain pengetahuan khusus 2. Penemuan baru 3. Pengiktirafan sosial

Componential - Amabile (1999)

Environment Creativity relevant skills

Creative Task Motivation Outcome

Domain relevant knowledge

Multiple Intelligent Gardner (1995)

Kepintaran Kepintaran Kepintaran Kepintaran Kepintaran Kepintaran Kepintaran

linguistik (T.S Eliot) Logik-Matematik (Einstein) Muzik (Beethoven) Visual-spatial (Pablo Picasso) kinestatik (Martha Graham) Intrapersonal (Sigmund Freud) Interpersonal (Mahatma Ghandi)

Minda Sedar Minda Bawah Sedar

Tempat tersimpannya khazanah mental yang dikumpulkan sepanjang hidup kita. Segala kejadian yang berlaku tersimpan dalam otak ini. Segala persepsi, emosi dan segalanya berakar di dalam MINDA BAWAH SEDAR.

Kreativiti Tidak Terancang

FUNCTIONS
DECISION MAKING

Innovation Inventiom

PROBLEM SOLVING

Pseudocreativity

Creativity Across The Life Span

As in any field, one has to be creative. You dont solve problem unless you spend a lot of time on it. Nothing comes easily, and creators in the sciences and mathematics domains work very hard and have will to succeed
(Piirto, 2004)

As in any field, one has to be creative. You dont solve problem unless you spend a lot of time on it. Nothing comes easily, and creators in the sciences and mathematics domains work very hard and have will to succeed (Piirto, 2004)

ORANG BARAT VS ORANG TIMUR

BARAT
Individualistik
Kebebasan Berfikir terbuka Masyarakat terbuka Egalitarian Potensi dan bakat diri Berfikir positif Personaliti terbuka Penglibatan tugas Orientasi Aktif dan kritikal Ambil risiko

TIMUR
Kolektiviti
Konsensus Kepatuhan sosial & Harmoni Masyarakat tertutup Hirarki/ peraturan sosial Hak kumpulan/sosial Berfikir negatif Personaliti tertutup Penglibatan ego Orientasi persaingan/prestasi Pasif dan senyap Kiasi (takut risiko/ gagal)

Support Factors

Ripress factors

perceptual blocks emotional blocks

cultural blocks
environmental blocks Intellectual blocks

Creative People

Articulacy Metaphorixcal thinking Flexibel decision making The ability to internalize visualize problems Independence Tolrence of ambiguity Willingness to take risks The courage of ones convictions High energy Autonomy Independence of judgement

Self-confidence, assertiveness Stimulus freedom Perserverence Being playful/childlike Self-guidence ResourcefulSeldom ask others for opinion Genius range (?) Ego strength

H Creativity(C)
(20 40 years old)

P Creativity (c) Boden (1998)

is that highly intelligent people are more likely to be creative than are people with lower intelligence.
Nickerson & Perkins (1999)

Studies of personalities of highly creative people have described them as being totally absorbed in and devoted to their work and people who doing what they loved were more creative in their pursuits.
Collins dan Amabile (1999)

Domain Psikologi Fungsi

Kepintaran (Intelligence) Memerlukan pengetahuan faktual untuk memantapkan apa yang telah diketahui (menghasilkan ortodoksi) Ingatan semula/penyelesaian masalah Mengingat/pemikiran bertumpu (convergent)

Kreativiti Membina cara baru dan mengubah apa yang telah diketahui (menghasilkan keaslian) Imaginasi/mencari masalah Pemikiran bercapah dan pemikiran kritikal

Kebolehan

Kemahiran Proses Kognitif

Ingat apa yang telah Mencipta/ mengaitkan diketahui/mengenalpasti domaian kreatif kelaziman/penggunaan semula teknik set

Kemahiran Berfikir

Logic/ kepantasan ketepatan

dan Keaslian/kebolehubahan dan ketidaksangkaan

Sumber: Cropley (2003)

CULTURAL CAPITAL

HUMAN CAPITAL

CREATIVE CAPITAL
SOCIAL CAPITAL

Creativity Resoureces

Allah s.w.t Knowledge Experiences & Skills (10 years rules) Reading Environment Children Creative person Others

Sesungguhnya, Kami telah menciptakan manusia dalam bentuk yang sebaik-baiknya. Surah at-Tin (4) Allah tidak akan mengubah keadaan sesuatu kaum, sehingga mereka merubah apa yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri
Surah al-Rad (11)

THE

GOAL OF EDUCATION IS TO CREATE INDIVIDUAL WHO ARE CAPABLE OF DOING NEW THINGS AND NOT SIMPLY REPEATING WHAT OTHER GENERATIONS HAVE DONE

(Jean Piaget, 1962)

Sesungguhnya Allah s.w.t tidak merubah keadaan (nasib) sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka merubah keadaan yang ada pada diri mereka seniri (Surah al-Rad:11)

Hai jemaah jin dan manusia, jika kamu sanggup menembus (melintas) penjuru langit dan bumi, maka lintasilah, kamu tidak dapat menembusinya melainkan dengan kekuatan (Surah al-Rahman:33)

dan RANCANGLAH
Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk menjadi orang yang BERILMU; bersediakah kita untuk menjadi orang yang JAHIL Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk BERJAYA; bersediakah kita untuk menjadi GAGAL Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk MAJU; bersediakah kita untuk MUNDUR Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk MERDEKA; bersediakah kita untuk DIJAJAH Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk BAHAGIA; bersediakah kita untuk menjadi MENDERITA Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk menjadi orang yang BERIMAN; bersediakah kita untuk menjadi orang yang KUFUR Sekiranya kita tidak merancang untuk masuk ke SYURGA; bersediakah kita untuk Masuk ke NERAKA

wasallam

Uji kreativiti Anda

Uji kreativiti Anda

Uji kreativiti Anda

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