ANATOMY

Urogenital

of

system consists

- Urinary system - Male genital system - Female genital system

URINARY SYSTEM consists : Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra MALE GENITAL SYSTEM consists : Testis Ductuli system Accesorius Glands Penis

The principal function :

Filtration of most small molecules from blood plasma Selective reabsorbtion Secretion of some excretory product directly from blood Maintenance of acid-base balance

URINARY SYSTEM

KIDNEY
Macroscopic:

- bean shaped organ - retroperitoneal - hilus medial border * nerves, blood and lymph vessel enter/exit * ureter exit - lateral border convex

KIDNEY

Microscopic: 1.Cortex Renalis - Columna Renalis Bertini - Medullary rays - Uriniferus tubules 2.Medulla Renalis -Thicker twist than cortex - Medullary Pyramids - Collecting tubules

Kidney Functional Unit

Uriniferus Tubules

Interstitial tissue contain : Collagen fiber,blood and lymph vessels & nerves fiber UT consist :

Each kidney 1- 4 million UT

- Nephron : - Renal corpuscle - Proximal convoluted tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal convoluted tubule - Collecting tubule

Structure Function Renal corpuscle Glomerulus :Filtration of water and dissolved substances from blood plasma Glomerular capsule: Receives glomerular filtrate

Descending limb of Reabsorption of water by osmosis the nephron loop Ascending limb of Reabsorption of chloride ions by active transport and passive reabsorption of sodium ions the nephron loop Distal convoluted Reabsorption of water by osmosis tubule Reabsorption of sodium ions by active transport Active secretion of hydrogen ions Passive secretion of potassium ions by electrochemical attraction Papillary duct Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis; drains urine from several nephrons

Nephron Proximal convoluted: Reabsorption of water by osmosis Tubule: -Reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, creatine, lactic acid, citric acid, uric acid, ascorbic acid, phosphate ions, sulfate ions,calcium ions, potassium ions, and sodium ions by active transport - Reabsorption of proteins by pinocytosis - Reabsorption of chloride ions and other negatively charged ions by electrochemical attraction Active secretion of such substances as penicillin, histamine, and hydrogen ions

Renal Tubules
Proximal

Tubules Ansa Henle/ Loop of Henle Distal Tubules Collecting duct

Proximal Tubules
Function :
*reabsorbtion 80 % ultrafiltrat: -ion Na active, diffusion from lumen into tubules cell about 65 % -water osmosis, ultrafiltrat osmolaritas no changes -glucose, protein, amino acid, acetoacetic acid & vitamin. *excrete : creatinin, sodium anorganik, phenol red, drugs

Loop of Henle
Length depend on the location of renal corpuscle Divided in three part - straight to medulla - arcus - straight to cortex

Function : -concentrated ultrafiltrat glomeruli -AH descending : excretion ion Na & Cl from cell to the lumen, water enter the cell. -AH ascending :reabsorption Na & Cl ion, water out of cell

Distal Tubules
Straigth

Makula
part

: prolonged from pars ascendens AH -cells change from simple squamosa to simple cuboidal cell -citoplasma asidophil,mitochondria and RE granular/smooth aroun nucleus, AG apical nucleus. -EM: interdigitasi , ZO, microvili.

part

densa :

- DT in vascular pole, micr same straight - function AJG

Contortus

part:

-micr:- cuboidal cell (5-8 cell), asidophil - citoplasma : mitochondria oval, lisosom <, AG aroun nucleus, less smooth/granular RE . -EM: interdigitasi lateral cell, ZO, less microvili

Function :
reabsorbtion Na aldosteron hormon Cl ion passive reabsorbtion

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Consist

: - makula densa - mesangial extraglomerular cell - juxtaglomerular cell

art epitheloid cell at vascular pole)

afferen

(modification from smooth muscular t.media

Function :

product : - renin - eritropoetin