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Equipments
C. K. Thakur
Chief Design Engineer
(Project Engineering Electrical)
NTPC
Over view
■ Switching Schemes.
■ Type of Towers.
■ Type of conductors.
■ Switchyard types.
■ Switchyard equipments.
■ Switchyard Layouts.
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Switching schemes
■ Single bus.
■ Main and Transfer (sectionalised).
■ Double bus.
■ One and half breaker scheme.
■ Double main and Transfer (
Sectionalised).
■ Double Breaker
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Factors Affecting Switching
Scheme
■ System Security/Reliability.
- Feeder Fault.
- Bus Fault.
- Equipment Failure.
- Redundancy.
July 2, 2009 4
Factors Affecting Switching
Scheme (Contd.)
■ Operational Flexibility.
■ Ease of Maintenance.
■ Simplicity of Protection
Arrangements.
■ Ease of Extension.
■ Area available.
■ Cost.
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Line Towers
■ Single Circuit.
■ Double Circuit.
■ Dead end type.
■ Tension Towers.
■ Suspension Towers.
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Tower Design
■ Wind Force.
■ Conductor Tension.
■ Span.
■ Type of conductor.
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Tower Hardwares
■ Insulator Strings.
■ Vibration Dampers.
■ Spacers.
■ Earthwire & OPGW.
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Type of Conductor
July 2, 2009 9
Switchyard Type
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Switchyard Equipments.
■ Circuit Breaker.
■ Disconnectors.
■ Current Transformers.
■ Capacitor Voltage Transformers.
■ Lightning Arrestors.
■ Post Insulators.
■ Wave Traps
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General Parameters
July 2, 2009 12
400kV Equipments
July 2, 2009 13
220kV Equipments
July 2, 2009 14
132kV Equipments
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General Parameters (Contd.)
■ Rated Current.
■ Short Time Current.
■ Creepage Distance.
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Circuit Breakers Type
■ MOCB.
■ ABCB.
■ SF6
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Circuit Breaker
■ Fault clearing.
■ Load Make Break.
■ Break Time.
■ Single/Multi Break.
■ Voltage Distribution across breaks.
■ Closing resistors.
■ Operating mechanism
(Spring/Pneumatic/Hydraulic)
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Disconnectors
■ HCB Type.
■ Double Break Type.
■ Pantograph type.
■ Vertical Break type.
■ Provision of Earth Switches.
■ Motor / Pneumatic operated.
■ Gang operated/Single pole type.
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Current Transformer
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Capacitor Voltage Transformer
■ Capacitance.
■ Voltage Ratio.
■ No. Of Cores.
■ Accuracy.
July 2, 2009 21
Lightning Arrestor
July 2, 2009 22
Post Insulators
■ Voltage Rating.
■ Cantilever Strength.
■ Fixing Details.
July 2, 2009 23
Wave Trap
July 2, 2009 24
Switchyard Layout Guidelines
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Switchyard Layout
Guidelines(Contd.)
■ Lower level connections can be of
Rigid pipe or flexible conductor.
■ Upper level connections can be of
strung type only.
■ For aesthetic looks and similarity all
same equipments be in one line as far
as possible.
■ Road near circuit breaker be kept for
maintenance purpose.
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Switchyard Layout
Guidelines(Contd.)
■ Provide Double insulator strings for
upper level for safety reasons and to
avoid busfaults due to conductor
snapping.
■ Cable trenches to be routed for ease in
maintenance and movement.
■ Lightning protection to be provided
using Lightning masts and/or shield
wires.
■ Lighting to be provided by fixtures on
July 2, 2009 28
LM platform.