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INTRODUCTION
A war described as querras piraticas or a fight against Moro pirates Used piracy as a reason to give the military depredations of the colonizers a color of domestic affair a fight against evil forces. It was a war against the free sultanates a colonial war of aggression.
A war that made use of thousands of converted colonial subjects, misinformed indios, effective use of the Church and churchmen against people who refused to be their subjects.
PHASE ONE:
BRUNEI CUT-OFF
After the capture of Manila, the Spaniards were concerned about disgruntled Bornean aristocracy that they may seek aid in Brunei.12
In 1578, Spaniards invaded Brunei and forced Sultan Seifur-Jiral to flee. The Spaniards returned in 1581, but was unsuccessful, but they succeeded in eliminating Bornean pretension in the country.
Significant EVENT: the people of Brunei and Sulu were allies their sultans were brothersin-law.3
PHASE TWO
STRONGHOLDS
1591 the Spanish government decided to colonize Mindano and incorporate it into its Philippine colony.2 April 1596 Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa, newly-designated governor of Mindanao, lanbded in Cotabato but failed to contact Maguindanao Sultan He was struck on the head with a Kampilan The second phase ended with a defeat of the Spanish invaders
SIGNIFICANT EVENT:
The Ternatan aid came not only on account for kinship relations between families of Mindanao and the Moluccas and religious ties... ... But the Ternatans realized that if Mindanao become a Spanish base, it will have operations against them.
QUIZ
What was the Spanish Moro wars all about? How did the first phase of the wars started? What were the reasons of the Spaniards to invade Brunei?
How did the second phase of the Wars start? What was the Spanish mission on invading Mindanao?
Why did the Ternatans offer aid to the Muslims of Mindanao in their fight against the Spaniards?
PHASE THREE
COUNTER ATTACKS
Significant EVENTS:
Sulu, Maguindanao, and Bauyan had Ternatan aids. The Dutch helped and encouraged the Muslims to create more difficulties for their Spanish rivals.
1599-1600 rajahs of Maguindanao and bauyan launched raids on the Bisayas with 3000 warriors each. They launched another raid in 1602, this time with the help of Sulu, and reached as far as Southern Luzon.
BUISAN, the Maguindanao rajah, attacked Bisayas towns.1 He returned some captives and gold and exhorted the datus to sweep off the Spaniards
1606 one of the biggest fleets by the Spaniards went to Ternate resulting to their victory and the Sultan captured.
The rajahs of the Pulangi made peace with the Spaniards in the fear of attacks against them. In 1616, the presence of the Dutch in Philippine waters encouraged the Sulu to attack as far as Cavite and Camarines.2
In 1627, the Sulu attacked the shipyard in Camarines led by Rajah Bongsu.3
The Spaniards retaliated, resulting to complete burning of Jolo and destruction of Sultans fleet. In 1630, an expedition led by Lorenzo de Olazo failed, leaving him wounded and his men killed.
Significant EVENTS:
The Muslims in the Philippines were helped by neighboring principalities. This alliance represented not only marriage ties between families, but a concerted effort against the intrusion of Western imperialism, colonialism and Christianity.
QUIZ
Cite any event that happened during the Third Phase of the Spanish Moro Wars.
PHASE FOUR
FORTRESS WAR
Corcuera captured Lamitan in 1637 and invaded neighboring towns despite strong defenses.2
The next year, 600 Spaniards and 1000 native allies seiged Sulu sultans cotta in Jolo despite the superb defense, an epidemic forced the sultan to surrender.
Spanish attempts to subject the Maranaos was shortlived and pacifying the Buayanons was difficult. Policy of the Spaniards:
Destroying all Muslim orchards, plantations and seacrafts
Depopulating Muslim and enslaving as many Muslims as possible
But Kudarats gaining strength forced the Spaniards to make a treaty in 1645. The next year, they concluded a treaty pledging to abandon all forts in Sulu. 1655 the peace was broken when the Spanish ambassador was assassinated in his insistence to convert the Sultan. Kudarat declared jihad and asked the aid of Sultan of Makassar, Sulu, Ternate and Brunei In 1663, Zamboanga was abandoned an interlude of peace for the next 50 years.
PHASE FIVE
PHASE FIVE
The Spanish King issued various royal orders for the occupation and refortification of Zamboanga The fort was garrisoned in 1718 and made stronger than before. The fifth phase was to commence soon.
1720-1721 Sulu and Iranun attacked the fort but failed despite the use of hundreds of war vessels and thousands of warriors.
Spaniards changed the program of evangelization in exchange for commercial relations and treaties of alliance, the Sultanates shall accept the preaching of Christianity.
Sultan Azim-ud-Din visited Manila for his baptism, imprisonment and return to Sulu.
The Sultan went as far as to seek aid from China and Ottoman Empire to protect Jolo from Spanish forces.
In this phase of the war,
Hundreds of Muslims were carried into captivity Hundreds of Christian natives were captured and sold as slaves in Makassar and Java Muslim raids in the Visayas were fierce The Muslim remained unconquered and began to accelerate their commercial activities with the British.
PHASE SIX
PHASE SIX
The British and the Dutch were extending in the islands of Southeast Asia the Spaniards had to secure their southern frontier. The sixth phase of the wars commenced when the Spaniards utilized the existence of piracy to launch in 1845 the Balanging expedition. This led to depopulation of Samales Islands and transfer of survivors to Luzon for conversion.
Another Spanish campaign in 1876 to capture Jolo was intended this time used Sultan Jaml ul-Azams ignorance to previous treaties as an excuse.
The war was a just and holy one against the wicked sons of the Quran by the Spanish clergy.1 Upon abandonment of Jolo, the Sultan leased the Sabah territory to the British company. A treaty among Britain, Germany and Spain finally provided that Spanish sovereignty extended to Sulu.
The last peace treaty between the Spaniards and the Sulu entered in 1878.
The treaty provide a sort of Spanish protectorate for Sulu, while giving the Sulu a great deal of autonomy.
However, datus and their followers kept on harrassing the Spaniards, making Jolo a town under seige.
A few expeditions were sent by Spaniards to the Maranao areas and Buayan to consolidate their hold in their lands. Cotabato became a Spanish outpost and Spaniards were able to build forts along the Pulangi.
Sultan Anwar ud-Din (Datu Utto) was the only opposing force against the Spaniards.
QUIZ
GAIN AS MANY POINTS AS YOU CAN! How did the fourth phase of the war start? What were the tasks of Governor Corcuera over the Moroland? There was an interlude of peace in 50 years. How did this happen?
THE END