PURA MODEL OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

PROVIDING URBAN AMENITIES IN RUAL AREA (2005)

Objective of PURA Model:

1. To eradicate poverty from India, PURA model will work as lever of Economic upliftment of the villages. 2. People below poverty line (BPL) are about 260 crore and at present GDP rate is 6.9%. It has to be increased to 9% and to be sustained for several years. Then it is possible for India to get the status of a Developed Nation.

 3. To ensure that people who are living in rural area, must have a standard in their life. 4. To make strong the Social infrastructure of Rural Area such as Health, Electricity, Education and health issues, so that people can survive with better life. 5. To propel Economic Development without population Transfer.(from rural to urban).

 6. Take infrastructure to villages where human beings live (said by Late Prof. A.M. Khusro). 7. PURA concept also invite Private Sector for investment for creating Social and Economic infrastructure in Rural Area. Infrastructure includes : ROADS, ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORTATION, TELECOMMUNICATION, HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION.

 For this purpose Rs.3 Crore is not sufficient to develop one-cluster (15-25 villages). It will require Rs.100 crore & above. Development areas are as under: (i) Roads and Ring Road, (ii) Electricity, (iii) Transport facilities, (iv) Telecommunication & IT Services.

 (v) Knowledge Connectivity : Higher Education. (vi) Hospital and Health Centre. (vii) Marketing Facilities:- Where rural people can sell their produce and can purchase all the goods and commodities & services for daily use.

 Dr. A.P.J.Kalam have said as under : 1. PURA is a development solution for the rural sector. 2. India needs Approx.7,000 PURA complexes (Markets), each unit having a maximum of 1 lakh population (Block area) 3. Consisting of 20 to 100 villages(cluster) 4. Each PURA complex will cost Rs.100 to Rs.200 Crores depending upon the region.

 5. It will provide direct employment opportunities to about 3,000 people. 6. It will generate employment opportunities in the Service & Support sector for about 10,000 people. 7. This will reduce the employment gap (26 crore BPL people). 8. Physical connectivity of villages by Pucca Roads, and Transportation.

9. Electronic connectivity through Telecommunications reaching the rural areas. 10. Broad-band wireless and knowledge connectivity through Education, Skill Training for farmers, Artisans, & Craftsmen and Entrepreneurship program. 11. These three connectivity will lead to economic connectivity through starting of enterprises with the help of: (a) Banks,

 (b) Micro-credit, and (c) Marketing of Products. Economic Connectivity by : - Public & Private Sectors, - NGOs, FICCI, NASSCOM, ASSOCHAM, CII. - Govt. to provide proactive policies - Banks to provide loans with low interest and no procedural hurdles.

 Physical/Electronic/Knowledge Connectivities: 1. Road & Infrastructure by Govt. 2. Electronic & Knowledge connectivity by: - Industries & Business; - Establishments - Private Industries; - Educational Institutions; - R&D by Government.

 1. Vocational Training & Schools by NGOs, and Private Sector. 2. Health Care by Govt. reinforced by Private Healthcare Institutions. 3. Habitates (Housing) by Government and Insurance Bodies (LIC) & others Financial Institutions. 4. Sanitation & Hygiene by NGOs. 5. Industrial/Entrepreneurship leads to clean Green Industries.

Activities to be started by :

SUGGESTED APPROACH TO GOVT. BY EXPERTS IS AS UNDER:

1. Select 600 blocks in Backward areas. 2. Invest Rs.100 Rs.200 crores per block 3. This amount should be given to Block Development Committee to develop clusters. This amount will be given in three Phases:

 Ist Phaze : under Xth Plan - 25% amount 2ns Phaze: under XIth Plan 35% amount 3rd Phaze : under XIIth Plan- 40% amount Out of the total amount 20% amount should be contributed by the State-Govt., so that 80% can be realeased by the Central Govt. to state govt. concerned.

 As there are 3 categories of Clusters viz., (i) Urban (Type A-Cluster), (ii) Semi-urban (Type-B-Cluster), and (iii) Village oriented (Type-C-Cluster). The Govt. should start work of infrastructure at Bottom level cluster first. Cluster Type C- be taken first by the Govt. with Roads, Electricity and Water connectivity.

 These three essential infrastructure should be made available by the State Govt. funds. Then, for remaining development work i.e. Hospital, Education, and Telecommunication. (But Private Sector have already started connectivity in Telecommunication sector) PPP mode should be used by Govt. for implementing the PURA schemes.

 XIth Plan provision in Budget is for Rs.248 crores for implementing the PURA shceme in compact Rural areas in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. Population between 30,000 to 1 lac in about 10 to 15 villages with adequate land for four-lane circular road without having canals should be taken on priority basis for development in all districts.

PURA-model involves FOUR connectivities:

1. 2. 3. 4. Physical Connectivity Electronic Connectivity Knowledge Connectivity Economic Connectivity. These four connectivity is required to enhance the prosperity of cluster of villages in the Rural Areas.

(1) PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY:

In this connectivity, the main objectives are as under: (i) A group of 15-20 villages linked by Road. It means- a strong infrastructure should be constructed to connect the rural area. This will make easier to go from one place to other and transfer of goods will be easy (Agricultural produce).

 (ii) There will be a Ring Road to connect the villages each other. (iii) Besides Roads, provision of Electricity and Transport have also been included in PURA- Physical connectivity. (2) Digital or Electronic Connectivity: (i) Under this model every Indian should get electric connection in his house.

 (ii) Telecommunication facilities and Information Technology services should be available : - Public Call Offices, - Cyber Cafes, - Computer Services etc. (3) Knowledge Connectivity: This connectivity means :-

 (i) A School within a distance of 5 to 7 kms. of Circular Ring Road. (ii) Higher Education Centre. (iii) Hospital and Primary Health Centre in villages. (iv) To provide public awareness through various type of Dramas and plays. (v) To train people of rural area through Training Institutions.

 (4) Economy Connectivity: (i) To establish within this group of villages (15-20 villages) good MARKETING FACILITIES, so that all the commodities and services of daily use can be procured. (ii) Rural people can sell their Agricultural and allied activities produce in these markets.

 (iii) Economic connectivity consists of following things: Agricultural Produce through Channels of ROADS, TRANSPORTATION, LOGISTICS, MAN-POWER, TECHNOLOGY to Markets.

 Market through various agencies and their Cooperation- Agencies are: BANKS STATE & CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, COOPERATIVE BANKS, SHG- NGO, AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS.

Through Economic connectivity, the PURA-model can become a Business Enterprise which can be operated in every nook and corner in our country and also at Global level. The PURA enterprize has to have the skills for evolving a business plan with banks and also create infrastructural support as Educational Institutions,

 Health Centers, Small Scale Industries, Transportation services, Tele-educations, Tele-medicine, e-governance services in the region integrating with the governmental rural development schemes like Roads, Transport, Communication etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF PURA IN 3 CATEGORIES:

Category I :Type A Clusters (near urban) Category-II :Type B Clusters (,, semi-urb) Category-III :Type C Clusters (far off-urb) TYPE-A CLUSTER: The classification is made based on region and state of present development: - Closer to an urban area, - Having minimal road connectivity,

 - Limited infrastructure, - Limited support of Schools, - Limited support for Primary Health Centre (PHC). Keeping in minds these things, the development is made and improvement is done.

TYPE B CLUSTER:- It is situated close to urban area but has sparsely spread infrastructure and it may be closer to urban area. - No connectivity of School and PHC. TYPE C CLUSTER:- Located far interior (Remote Areas), - With no infrastructure,

 - No connectivity of School & PHC, and - No basic amenities. IMPLEMENTATION OF PURA-MODEL BY NATION : Government Action on the Pura Model is as under: (1) Govt. planned to develop 7,000 Rural clusters locations of Backward Regions.

 (2) Budget Allocated: At least Rs.100 crores for each cluster. Total Clusters are 7000 (Revised). Hence, total value to be issued for each cluster will be between Rs.100 to 200 Crores depending on the region. (3) To be implemented through CDP : - Irrigation facilities were enlarged and - Green Revolution was possible through CDPs.

 (4) There is migration of people from rural to urban areas, which has created difference between urban and rural which continues. The urban-rural gap can be removed only if migration stops. Some facts & figures about migration to urban area: In 1951 urban population was : 17.3% In 2001 urban population was : 27.8% and In 2011 urban population is : 32.0%.

II- WHITE REVOLUTION

MISSION MILK NATIONAL DAIRY PLAN (NDP) MODEL FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

 Mission Milk has also been told as one of the model for Rural Development. Production of Milk is done by Rural India and more than 50% farmers are having milch animals and producing milk. It is one of the biggest area of employment alongwith Agriculture in Rural area. It is an allied activity to Agriculture, which is undertaken by almost all farmers.

 AMUL is known to all for its various products produced from Milk. AMUL is not only popular in India but also in other so many countries. AMUL is producing variety of milk products including Butter, Ghee, Lassi, and Ice-cream. Like AMUL every state has its own brand name of Milk & Milk Products.

 1. Second White Revolution launched from Anand (Gujarat) w.e.f. 20th April,2012. 2. Scheme is to Double Indias Milk production. 3. Present production of milk is 122.8 million tonnes in 2010-11. 4. Target is to produce 200 million tonnes by 2021-22.

 5. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is Implementing agency. 6. India is the worlds largest milk producer. 7. Amrita Patel is chairperson of NDDB. Financial Outlay: The financial outlay (in first phase) is Rs.2242 Crore for 6 years. Project cost (estimated) is Rs.17,300

 Objective of Mission Milk: Mission Milk will be a multi-state initiative by which the plan is aimed at increasing the productivity of milch animals through a Scientific Plan. It is a Ist phase of National Dairy Plan (NDP). It is necessary to maintain Annual Growth of over 4% for the next 15 years to meet the estimated demand.

 Project Development Objectives of NDP are as under: 1. To help increase productivity of milch animals and thereby- milk production to meet the rapidly growing demands for milk. 2. To help provide rural milk producers with greater access to organize milkprocessing sector.

 NDP will be implemented in 14 major milk producing states, they are : 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Bihar 3. Gujarat 4. Haryana 5. Karnataka 6. Kerala

7. Madhya Pradesh 8. Maharashtra 9. Orissa 10. Punjab 11. Rajasthan 12. Tamil Nadu 13. Uttar Pradesh 14. West Bengal.

 These 14 states account for 90% of countrys milk production. SOURCES OF FUND: Financed as loan from International Development Association (IDA) of World Bank and implemented by NDDB, through End Implementing Agencies (EIA) located in the 14 States.

 Implementation Period: Total tenure is 15 years and total financial outlay is Rs.17,300 crore. The World Bank has assured to give support for next phase if this project is implemented successfully. The Dairy sector at present contributes 6% to countrys GDP.

 Production of 2,500 high genetic merit and disease-free cattle and Buffalo Bulls of different breed will be made available and import of 400 Jersey & Holstein Friesian Bulls will be brought to India. Breed Development through Artificial insemination will be increased from 20% to 35% over a period of 6 years of project period.

Training of Resource Persons: Farmers will be imparted Training and education through 40,000 local resource persons on feeding their Animals Balanced Ration (Balanced Diet). Procurement (of Milk) system: Village based procurement system will be expanded by strengthening existing cooperatives and facilitation the setting-up of Producer Companies.

Coverage of Villages: It is expected that 1.2 million milk producers in 23,800 additional villages will be covered in the project. Phase Period: Phase I is from 2012-13 to 2016-17 Phase II is from 2017-18 to 2019-20.

Bifurcation of estimated Project outlay: (i) Rs.1584 Crore is IDA credit (ii) Rs. 176 Crore is the C.G. share (iii)Rs. 282 Crore is share of End Implementing Agencies (EIA) or the State Governments. (iv) Rs. 200 Crore as the share of NDDB

Helping hands in implementing the project: (a) Department of Animal Husbandry (b) Dairying Department (c) Fishing & Ministry of Agriculture Department. It is hoped that India will be successful in Mission Milk