Phrases & Clauses

What are they? How are they different?

Directions: Group Task 1

Identify the underlined samples whether it is a phrase or a clause. Make an exaggerated pose if it is a phrase or dance like a monkey if it is a clause.

1. He ran quickly from the house.

2. The doctor finished the examination. 3. Students leave campus after class. 4. I saw my teacher behind a rock.
5. Although I spent three hours studying,

6. When we ate the cupcakes.

The main difference:

Phrases
DO NOT have BOTH a subject & a verb, do not express a complete idea

Clauses

DO HAVE BOTH a subject & a verb

Example: The television was playing as I left the room.

Clause #1:

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
(aka:

SENTENCE OR MAIN CLAUSE)

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
One or more subjects + One or more verbs = Independent Clause

Independent clauses are a group of words that conveys a full thought in a sentence. They can stand solo as a sentence.
Becky and Bob practiced Kung Fu.

Independent Clause Independent clauses have a subject & verb and can stand alone.

Examples: The doctor finished the examination. Students leave campus after class.

Clause #2:

DEPENDENT CLAUSE
(aka:
THE

CLIFFHANGER)

Dependent Clause

Dependent clauses have subjects & verbs, but they cannot stand alone Dependent clauses require a complete
thought to make them complete
Written alone, dependent clauses create suspense for whats to come like a cliffhanger:

Dependent Clause
Dependent clauses usually begin with subordinating conjunctions such as although, because,

when, since, if, unless

Examples:

Because I left early If we find my notebook

Subordinating conjunction subject verb

Clauses:
3 types
Have BOTH Subject & Verb

Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses require a complete thought to make them complete

Written alone, dependent clauses create suspense for whats to comelike a cliffhanger:

Dependent Clauses
Example of a dependent clause:

Because

a rattlesnake has made a home under our bed

Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses often begin or end sentences: Because a rattlesnake has made a home under our bed (dependent clause)

+
We purchased a mongoose to sleep
with us. (sentence/main clause)

Dependent Clauses

Because a rattlesnake
has made a home under our bed, we purchased a mongoose to sleep with us.

Dependent Clauses

We purchased a
mongoose to sleep with us because a rattlesnake has made a home under our bed.

Identify whether independent or dependent clause

1. Although I spent three hours studying,

2.Because the children had hidden the key,

(Note if each of these requires something to follow it- its a dependent clause.)

3.If students sign up early,

4. Unless the weather prevents travel,

5. Everyone finished dinner when I arrived.

6. After the schedule is published,

7. I enjoyed a comfortable bed.

8. Broccoli is my favorite food.

9. Before a hurricane hits an area,

10. He is lonely all alone.

because his friend left him

React on the sample and identify the use and function of the given sentence.

1. The bridges that lead to the other people had been destroyed. 2. After a while, we find that there isnt any love for our children either. 3. That love is lost when we keep it is a guiding principle that we ought to remember always. 4. Try to spread love in whichever place or situation you are. 5. We are happy when we make others happy. cLAUSES.docx

Copy the dependent clause from each sentence on your notebook and tell what type of clause each is, followed by the word/s it modifies. Then, state the function whether adjective, adverb or noun clause).

1. Learn to reach out to others until you master the value of concern for others. 2. Sometimes we wonder why theres war. 3. Lets remember the thousands who do not have enough to eat. 4. What a beautiful world it would be, if only we live by what St. Francis of Assisi believed in. 5. We are determined to bring the walls of indifference down is true.

Complete the following sentences using adjective, adverb or noun clause as the case may be. 1. Do you know that (noun clause)? 2. A peace-loving person knows (noun clause). 3. Whenever (adverb clause), we make others feel that they are cared for. 4. The world needs people (adjective clause). 5. Peace and love are manifested in (noun0object of the preposition).

Clause #3:

RELATIVE CLAUSE

(WHO, WHICH, THAT )

Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are easy to recognize. They begin with WHO, WHICH, or THAT.

Relative Clauses

They are not questions, but part of sentences.

Relative Clauses
Examples: Martin, who usually finishes first, was unable to beat my record. Pasta, which used to be included in most diets, has been replaced by high-protein foods. Toys that the dog chewed up must be thrown away.

NOW FOR ANOTHER SMALL WARNING

2 words can make clauses a little tricky:

Before After

CAUTION--Dont mix these up!

before and after can appear in either prepositional phrases or dependent clauses.

CAUTION--Dont mix these up!

Prepositional phrases: after the storm before the alarm after lunch before my nap after work before the holiday

CAUTION--Dont mix these up!

Dependent clauses:
after the storm ended before the alarm rang after we left work before the doctor arrived after I received your call before the judge makes his ruling

Phrase & Clause Review

Phrase & Clause Review

Q: What is the main

difference between phrases & clauses?

Phrase & Clause Review

Answer:
Phrases do not have both a
subject and a verb

Clauses have both a subject

and a verb.

Phrase Review
Prepositional:

above the clouds

near my house
along the shore

Phrase Review
Participial:

leaving work early sleeping until noon celebrating the holidays filled with liquid

Phrase Review

Infinitive:
to walk the dog to play the piano to watch our favorite TV show

Phrase Review Noun Phrases:

a blue glass fifty wild iguanas a comfortable bed

Clause Review
Independent/Main Clause:
(Sentence)

Broccoli is my favorite food.

Clause Review Review Clause

Dependent Clause:

Because broccoli is my favorite food

Clause Review

Relative Clause:
which is my favorite food

Be sure to know your phrases & clauses!

End of presentation.