Axially loaded member

Axial load and normal stress under equilibrium load, Elastic

Deformation

1
Saint-Venants Principle
2
Localized deformation occurs at
each end, and the deformations
decrease as measurements are
taken further away from the ends
At section c-c, stress reaches
almost uniform value as compared
to a-a, b-b
c-c is sufficiently far enough
away from P so that localized
deformation vanishes, i.e.,
minimum distance

Saint-Venants Principle
3
General rule: min. distance is at least
equal to largest dimension of loaded x-
section. For the bar, the min. distance is
equal to width of bar
This behavior discovered by Barr de
Saint-Venant in 1855, this the name of the
principle
Saint-Venant Principle states that
localized effects caused by any load
acting on the body, will dissipate/smooth
out within regions that are sufficiently
removed from location of load
Thus, no need to study stress distributions
at that points near application loads or
support reactions
Elastic Deformation of an Axially
Loaded Member
4
AE
PL
= o
Deformation can be calculated using
SIGN CONVENTION
ve + = o
When the member is tension
ve = o
When the member is
compression
Elastic Deformation of an Axially
Loaded Member

=
AE
PL
tot
o
Total deformation:
The Above Figure:
AE
L P
AE
L P
AE
L P
CD CD BC BC AB AB
tot
CD BC AB tot
+ + =
+ + =
o
o o o o
Elastic Deformation of an Axially
Loaded Member
AE
L kN
AE
L kN
AE
L kN
CD BC AB
tot
) 7 ( ) 3 ( ) 5 (
+

+ = o
1) Internal Forces
2) Displacement calculation
Example 1
7
Composite A-36 steel bar shown made
from two segments AB and BD. Area A
AB

= 600 mm
2
and A
BD
= 1200 mm
2
.

Determine the vertical displacement
of end A and displacement of B
relative to C.

A-36 Steel: E = 210 GPa

Internal axial load:
BA CB DC A
o o o o + + =
Displacement of point A
Displacement of point B
relative to C
CB C B
o o =
/
mm
E A
L P
E A
L P
E A
L P
A
A
BA
BA BA
CB
CB CB
DC
DC DC
A
BA CB DC A
61 . 0
) 10 )( 210 ( 600
) 1000 ( ) 10 ( 75
) 10 )( 210 ( 1200
) 750 ( ) 10 ( 35
) 10 )( 210 ( 1200
) 500 ( ) 10 ( 45
3
3
3
3
3
3
+ =
+ +

=
+ + =
+ + =
o
o
o
o o o o
Displacement of point A
Displacement of point B relative to C
3
3
/
/
) 10 )( 210 ( 1200
) 750 ( ) 10 ( 35
=
=
C B
CB C B
o
o o
Solve it!
The copper shaft is subjected to the axial loads shown. Determine the
displacement of end A with respect to end D. The diameter of each
segment are d
AB
= 75 mm, d
BC
= 50 mm and d
CD
= 25 mm. Take E
cu
=
126 GPa.
P
AB
=30 kN
P
AB
=30 kN
mm
AB
06737 . 0
) ) 10 ( 126 )( 4 / ) 75 ( (
) 1250 )( ) 10 ( 30 (
3 2
3
+ =
=
t
o
P
AB
=30 kN
P=20 kN
P
BC
=10 kN
P=5 kN P
CD
=-5 kN
Tension
Tension
mm
BC
07578 . 0
) ) 10 ( 126 )( 4 / ) 50 ( (
) 1875 )( ) 10 ( 10 (
3 2
3
+ =
=
t
o
Compression
mm
CD
12126 . 0
) ) 10 ( 126 )( 4 / ) 25 ( (
) 1500 )( ) 10 ( 5 (
3 2
3
=

=
t
o
mm
tot
02189 . 0 12126 . 0 07578 . 0 06737 . 0 = + = o
Total deformation
1) Internal Forces 2) Displacement calculation
Solve it!
The assembly consist of three titanium (Ti-6A1-4V) rods and a rigid
bar AC. The cross sectional area for each rod is given in the figure. If
a force 30kN is applied to the ring F, determine the angle of tilt of bar
AC.
Lecture 1 14
F= 30kN
F
DC

F
AB

N F
N F
M
AB
DC
A
3
3
3
) 10 ( 20
) 10 ( 10
900
) 300 ( ) 10 ( 30
0
=
= =
=

1) Equilibrium Equation
2) Based on F
AB
and F
DC
, F
DC
is predicted to deform more.
o
DC
o
AB
mm
DC
16667 . 0
) ) 10 ( 120 )( 600 (
) 1200 )( ) 10 ( 10 (
3
3
+ =
= o
mm
AB
33333 . 0
) ) 10 ( 120 )( 900 (
) 1800 )( ) 10 ( 20 (
3
3
+ =
= o
3) Angle of tilt
o
DC AB
01061 . 0
)
900
( tan
1
=

=

o o
u
Example 2
15
The assembly shown in the figure consists of an aluminum tube
AB having a cross-sectional area of 400 mm
2
. A steel rod
having a diameter of 10 mm is attached to a rigid collar and
passes through the tube. If a tensile load of 80 kN is applied to
the rod, determine the displacement of the end C of the rod.
Take E
st
= 200 GPa, E
al
= 70 GPa.
( ) | |( )
( ) ( ) | |
+ =
+
= = m 003056 . 0
10 200 005 . 0
6 . 0 10 80
9
3
/
t
o
AE
PL
B C
16
( ) | |( )
( ) | | ( ) | |
= =

= =

m 001143 . 0 001143 . 0
10 70 10 400
4 . 0 10 80
9 6
3
AE
PL
B
o
Find the displacement of end C with respect to end B.
Displacement of end B with respect to the fixed end A,
Since both displacements are to the right,
= = + = mm 20 . 4 m 0042 . 0
/ B C C
o o o
B