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RTTC Faculty
BSNL
OBJECTIVES
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Communication - Mobile
Inter-Exchange Junction
BSC BTS
Telephone Exchange
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
MS
WHAT IS A CELL ?
A base station (transmitter) having a number of
RF channels is called a cell Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area) Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up), 1 KM (Mature)
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A RADIO CELL
Voice Channels
Lines to BSC
Or control channels
MS
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Fundamental problems
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Tel Ex.
WIRED NETWORK
BW for Telephony speech: 3KHz increases to 25 KHz with FM for Radio Trans. 100,000
50 Khz = 5 Ghz
(NOT POSSIBLE)
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GSM Specifications
200 kHz
Carrier Separation
Duplex Distance
No. of RF Carriers Access Method Modulation Method Transmission Rate
45 MHz
124 TDMA/FDMA GMSK 270.833 Kbps
Speech Coding
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890 25 MHz
0
915
1 2
935 25 MHz
0 1 Base to Mobile
960
2
Mobile to Base
890.2
890.4 890.6
(MHz)
935.2
935.4
935.6
200 kHz
45MHz
200 kHz
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Amplitude
45 MHz
7 8 5 6 2 1 3 4 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency
F1 (Cell Rx)
F2
F2 F1 (Cell transmit)
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FDMA/TDMA Scheme
TIME
BP2 BP1 BP8 BP7 BP6 BP5 BP4 BP3 BP2 BP1 890.0 890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 891.2
BURST
F
R A M E FREQ
915.8MHz
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GSM RF CHANNELS
LOGICAL CHANNELS
USER INFORMATION( TRAFFIC) SIGNALLING INFORMATION (CONTROL)
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OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
Subscribers are not allocated dedicated channels TCH Allocated to users only when needed
Hence IDLE MODE & DEDICATED MODE DEDICATED MODE -- When a full Bi -directional P to P CHL has been allocated during an established call
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Network Architecture
OSS
HLR
PSTN ISDN
B T S B T S
BSC BSC
A-bis interface
MSC VLR
A Interface
B T S
Data Networks
Air interface
MSC VLR
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I
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR
II
MSC/VLR
IV
MSC/VLR
III
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GSM
MSC Service Area
LA 1 LA 2
LA 3
LA 6 LA 4
MSC/VLR
LA 5
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GSM Cells
C1
LA 1
LA 2
LA 3
C2 C5 C6 C4
C3
C7
LA 6 LA 4 MSC/VLR LA 5
C = Cell
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CellArea Location Area served by a BTS Location Area MSC Service Area PLMN Service Area GSM Service Area
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Voice and data transmission Frequency and time synchronization Monitoring of power and signal quality of the surrounding cells Provision of location updates even during inactive state Equalization of multi path distortions
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Portable, vehicle mounted, hand held MS identified by unique IMEI(International Mobile Equipment
Identity)
Shall display at least last ten received, dialled and missed calls Minimum talk time of 1hr 30 min. and standby time of 80 hrs
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GSM IMSI
International mobile subscribers Identity
The IMSI is an unique identity which is used internationally and used within the network to identify the mobile subscribers. The IMSI is stored on the subscriber identity module (SIM), the HLR, VLR and AC database.
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MSC/VLR
BSC BSC
BSC
RSS
n BTS n BTS
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Frequency hopping
Random access detection
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Time delay measurement of the received signals from MS with respect to BTS clock.
Performs traffic concentration to reduce the number of lines from BSC to MSC.
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MSC
BSS
BTS BTS
Configuration -6
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GSM
MSC ( MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE)
Manages communication between GSM & other network Call setup functions, basic switching are done MSC takes into account the RR allocation in addition to normal exchange functions MSC does gateway function while its customers roams to other network by using HLR /VLR
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Handover management
Billing for all subscribers based in its area Reallocation of frequencies to BTSs in its area to meet heavy demands
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Echo canceller operation control Signaling interface to databases like HLR, VLR. Gateway to SMS between SMS centers and subscribers Handle interworking function while working as GMSC
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GPRS
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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U
SMS-G/IW MSC
MSC/VLR
Gs G d
MS
BSC
HLR
Gr
AUC
MS
G b
Iu
ISP Network
SGSN
G n
GGSN
G n
Gi
MS
U T R A N
Backbone Network
Corporate Network
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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U
SMS-G/IW MSC
MSC/VLR
Gs G d
MS
BSC
HLR
Gr
AUC
MS
EDGE TRU
G b
ISP Network
SGSN
G n
GGSN
G n
Gi
Backbone Network
Corporate Network
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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U
SMS-G/IW MSC
MSC/VLR
Gs G d
MS
BSC
HLR
Gr
AUC
MS
G b
Iu
ISP Network
SGSN
G n
GGSN
G n
Gi
MS
U T R A N
Backbone Network
Corporate Network
GPRS Architecture
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BTS
MT
Um
Abis A
GMSC MSC/VLR
Gs Gb Gf
BSC
TE
MS
SGSN
Gr
Gn
BSS
A Abis AUC BSC BSS BTS EIR GGSN GMSC Gx HLR MS MSC MT SGSN TE Um VLR GSM Interface GSM Interface (Proprietary of M/s Ericsson) Authentication Center Base Station Center Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Equipment Identity Register Gateway GPRS Support Node Gateway Mobile services Switching Center GPRS Interfaces Home Location Register Mobile Station Mobile services Switching Center Mobile Terminal Serving GPRS Support Node Terminal Equipment Air Interface Visitor Location Register GSM Network Elements
Gn Gi
External IP Network
GGSN
Gi
Signaling
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GPRS COMPONENTS
To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDN and the wireless networks, two new major components are required. These components are called GPRS Support Nodes. There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes
1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
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An SGSN delivers packets to mobile stations within its service area. SGSNs send queries to Home Location Registers (HLRs) to obtain profile data of GPRS subscribers. SGSNs detect new GPRS mobile stations in a given service area; and, finally, SGSNs process registration of new mobile subscribers and keep a record of their location inside a given service area.
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GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs. GGSNs maintain routing information that is necessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units (PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particular mobile stations. Other functions include network and subscriber screening and address mapping. One or more GGSNs may support multiple SGSNs.
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Advantages of GPRS
Increased revenues by moving in to the mobile data market Gain new subscribers requiring the data services without investing in to PCs to gain internet access Retain current subscribers by offering new services Reduce costs due to efficient use of network resources