LTE FDD vs.

TDD

-Yatin Jadhav

LTE-FDD FRAME

LTE-TDD FRAME

Comparison between FDD-LTE and TDD-LTE

Comparison between FDD-LTE and TDD-LTE

OFDMA

What is Orthogonal signal

FDM

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OFDM

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Working of OFDM (Example)

Suppose we are having following bits for transmission 1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1 Convert this high speed serial stream to low speed parallel stream.
C1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 C2 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 C3 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 C4 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1

These low speed streams will be transmitted on different sub-carriers

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Each signal will be modulated using BPSK.

Modulated signal for C1

Modulated signal for C2

Modulated signal for C3

Modulated signal for C4

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Final OFDMA wave, sum of all signals.

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OFDM Block Diagram

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OFDMA

OFDMA
OFDM can be easily used as multiple access technology, named OFDMA. Total spectrum space is divided into sub-channels(SC).

One SC is a sub-set of available channels. It contains more than one sub-carrier.

Users may occupy more than one SC depending upon user QOS profile.

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Subset is also called as OFDMA traffic channel.

user4 user3 user2 user1

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Sub-channel implementation techniques

In first technique, sub channels are grouped in same frequency range.

In second technique, sub channels are spread over whole spectrum

Second technique is more immune to narrow band fading as it will Effect fraction of sub channels.
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OFDMA Illustration

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Frequency Re-use

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OFDM and OFDMA illustration

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Cyclic Prefix

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Cyclic Prefix
In OFDM, multipath causes loss of orthogonality .Delayed paths cause overlap between symbols

Cyclic Prefix (CP) insertion helps maintain orthogonality

Reduces efficiency (or Usable Symbol time, Tu) CP is repetition of modulation symbol

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How OFDMA saves bandwidth

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Disadvantages

Synchronization
Tight Synchronization between users are required for FFT in receiver Pilot signals are used for synchronizations

Co-channel interference
Dealing with this is more complex in OFDM than in CDMA Dynamic channel allocation with advanced coordination among adjacent base stations

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Peak to average power ratio (PAPR)

The large amplitude variation increases in-band noise and increases the BER when the signal has to go through amplifier nonlinearities.

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SC-FDMA

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Why SC-FDMA?

Low Peak to average ratio.

Carries all advantages of OFDMA such as low ISI, multipath fading.

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SC-ODMA illustration using OFDMA

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SC-FDMA Signal generation

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SC-FDMA Generation

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THANK YOU

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