WHY???

What will happen when we blow the air into the balloon car and released it? Why the water does not squirts out into a hole when we close the mouth of the bottle?

 What made the water remain in the glass and not fall out? Why doesnt the cupboard drop?

FORCE AND PRESSURE

GAS PRESSURE AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

GAS PRESSURE
What do you feel when you squeeze your finger onto the balloon that fully with air? What is gas pressure :
Gas pressure is the force per unit area exerted by the gas particles as they collide with the walls of their container

Kinetic Molecular Theory:

Gases are made of tiny, individual particles. Gas particles move rapidly and randomly in straight-line motion. Particles collide with one another and walls of the container in elastic collision Individual particles are far apart and have very little attraction for each other. They move independently The averge kinetic energies of particles of different gasses are equal at given temperature The average kinetic energies of gas particle increases as the temperature increases

Atmospheric pressure
1. Atmosphere - several layers of thick air surrounding the Earth. 2. Atmosphere is most dense at sea level. As we goes higher, the air becomes less dense. => As the altitude increases, the density of air decreases. 3. Atmospheric pressure - pressure exerted by the atmosphere on the Earths surface and all objects on it. At sea level, atmospheric pressure = 1.03 105 Pa = pressure of water column of height 10 m.

Earth.

MEASURING GAS PRESSURE

BOURDON GAUGE MANOMETER

Barometer

 If pressure is applied, the copper tube will be straightened slightly. The copper tube pushes the lever system and hence rotates the pointer. Gas pressure can be read directly from the scale.

 The pressure can be measured by calculating the height between the two columns of liquid
Pgas = Patm + Pliquid Pgas = Po + hg Pgas = Gas Pressure( Nm/ Pa) Patm = Atmospheric Pressure ( 76 cm Hg/ 1.013x105 Pa) g = Gravitational Field Strength (9.8ms) = density of the liquid used (kgm) h= height/ length of liquid (cm)

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
What is atmospheric pressure:
Atmospheric pressure is the per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air molecules above that surface

Also known as air pressure

Existence of Atmospheric Pressure

The cardboard does not fall and the water remains in the glass even though its not supported by anything. Why??? Explanation: The force caused by the atmospheric pressure acts on the surface of the cardboard is greater than the weight of the water in the glass pushing it up and holding up the water in the glass.

Crumble Can
When a can filled with hot water is closed and is cooled down rapidly by pouring cold water on it, it will crash instantly. Why??? Explanation: When the air inside the can is cooled, its pressure decreases. The high atmospheric pressure outside exerts a great force on the can and causes it crashes.

Atmo pheric Pressure and Altitude

When we are at the top of a high mountain, we can face breathing difficulties. Why??? Explanation: Atmospheric pressure decreases as the altitude increases and we need to breathe more often than when we are at sea level. The higher you go the lower is the gas pressure. The air becomes less dense and the air pressure decreases

MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

SIMPLE BAROMETER ANEROID BAROMETER

QUESTIONS

GROUP WORK
RUBBER SUCKER SYRINGE

STRAW

VACUUM CLEANER

RUBBER SUCKER
When the sucker is pressed into place, most of the air behind it is squeezed out. The sucker is held in position by the pressure of atmosphere on the outside surface of the rubber. If the seal between the sucker and the surface is airtight , the sucker will stick permanently.

SYRINGE
Pulling up the piston reduces the atmospheric pressure inside the cylinder. The atmospheric pressure on the liquid surface then pushes the liquid up into the syringe. If we then hold the plunger in place and lift the syringe out of liquid , none will fall out. This is again due to atmospheric pressure

STRAW
When we suck through a straw, the air pressure in the straw is lowered. Then the pressure of the atmosphere acting on the surface of the drink in the glass pushes the water up the straw and into our mouth.

VACUUM CLEANER
A vacuum cleaner produces only a partial vacuum. The fan inside the cylinder blows air out of the vents. Which less air inside , the air pressure there drops. The atmospheric pressure outside then pushes air up the cleaner hose, carrying dust and dirt with it.