Thermal And Moisture Protection

TOPICS

O O

O O O

MOISTURE CONTROL WATERPROOFING O Membrane O Clay O Cementitious DAMPPROOFING O Hot-applied O Cold-applied BUILDING INSULATION O Rigid O Mineral Fiber O Loose-fill O Foamed-in-place ROOFING O Low vs. steep slope O Types of roofing materials FLASHING SIDING SEALANTS

MOISTURE CONTROL
O Moisture is NOT damaging to construction in

its vapor formthe problems arise as it

O CONDENSES (liquefies) O FREEZES (solidifies)

O These may cause organic materials to

decay, metals to corrode, paint coatings to blister, and in the case of freezing, may cause concrete and masonry to crack.

KEY MOISTURE ABSORPTION CONSIDERATIONS

O DIMENSIONAL INSTABILITY the changes in

moisture can cause a change in material dimensions (ex: wood drying) O DETERIORATION causes physical, chemical, and biological breakdown of materials (ex: steel rusting) O CONDENSATION TOLERANCE varies for each material O EFFECT ON HEAT FLOW if material contains moisture it can increase the conductivity
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PERMEABILITY
O PERMEANCE

MOISTURE CONDENSATION
Moisture condensation in walls, floors, and roof and ceiling assemblies can be controlled by: Providing a vapor retarder on the interior side of the assembly which limits vapor entering the structure. Provide adequate ventilation for the structure in spaces such as attic areas and crawl spaces.

measure of water vapors flow through a material of specific thickness or an assembly of several materials O METALS & GLASS very low permeability O Materials with a permeance of 0-1 are considered vapor retarders

WATERPROOFING
As defined in ASTM D1079: the treatment of a surface or a structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure.

MEMBRANE
FLUID-APPLIED MEMBRANES ARE USUALLY:
O POLYURETHANE O HOT RUBBERIZED ASPHALT

SHEET MEMBRANES
O Butyl synthetic rubber O

not as elastic as polyurethane and requires a thicker coat

O O O

sheet [60 mils thick] Ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM) [min. 1/16 thick] Pre-molded bituminous [7 ply] Rubberized asphalt [56 mils] Self-adhesive butyl [60 mils- requires adhesive primer]
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BITUMINOUS
O Usually applied on vertical below-grade

surfaces O Hot coal-tar pitch or hot asphalt O The number of plies, overall thickness, and content vary according to the depth of the hydrostatic head (in ft. all increase as the depth increases)

CLAY WATERPROOFING
O BENTONITE CLAY when wet, it

expands to between 10 to 15 times its dry volume. O It is typically mixed with water & sprayed in place (also available in dry sheets between cardboard) O Placed below grade to exterior surfaces

CEMENTITIOUS WATERPROOFING
O Composed of portland cement, aggregate,

and an acrylic or plastic admix. O It may also contain iron fillers (then known as iron oxide waterproofing) O HYDRAULIC CEMENT another form of cementitious waterproofing used to seal holes, cracks and open joints (often in free-flowing water)
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DAMPPROOFING
O May be hot- or cold- applied O Hot consists of an asphalt primer or a

coal-tar-based primer O Used on the exterior of buildings- not interior because of lingering odor and the problems associated with using hot products indoors.

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BUILDING INSULATION
O Usually added to the roof, walls, and

floors of a structure O 4 Basic Classifications Are:

O RIGID BOARD O MINERAL FIBER O LOOSE FILL O FOAMED-IN-PLACE

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RIGID INSULATION
O Usable in all parts of a building usually in a board

form O Most are [RESISTANCE/INCH]:

O O O O O O O O

O POLYSTYRENE sensitive to daylight, give off carbon

monoxide while burning POLYURETHANE [6.25] may expand after exposure to moisture POLYISOCYANURATE [7.2] PERLITE [2.78] will not burn, tends to absorb water PHENOLIC [8.3] breaks easily, corrodes metal CELLULAR GLASS BLOCK- [2.5] breaks easily, deteriorates if exposed to freezing & thawing ORGANIC FIBER roofing systems primary use, wood fibers and water resistant binders GLASS FIBER COMPOSITES take advantage of high R-values of some materials in combination with the stability of others
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MINERAL FIBER INSULATION

O Products made from fibers from rock,

slag, or glass O Naturally resistant to fire, moisture, and vermin O May be semi-rigid boards, batts, or blankets (longer than batts and sold in large rolls). Intended to fit between studs (16 or 24 o.c.)
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LOOSE-FILL INSULATION
O Comprised of fibers, granules, or chips O May be poured or blown into attics or

wall cavities O Common additives may include: adhesives, and chemical treatments to resist fire and vermin

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FOAMED-IN-PLACE INSULATION
O Created by a chemical reaction that

expands a mixture of components as much as 30 times O Curing typically takes from 24-72 hours, at which time the mixture solidifies into a cellular plastic O Care must be taken not to overfill a cavity
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ROOFING
O Low slope in general, these are roofs

which slope less than 41/2/ft. O On low slope roofs a system of compatible components is selected to work together to form a waterproof membrane O Common systems used are: built-up roof or single-ply

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EXAMPLES OF SINGLE-PLY MEMBRANES

O EPDM [ethylene propylene diene monomer]

factory cured elastomer, bonded to themselves using adhesives O CSPE (DuPont Hypalon) synthetic rubber, may also be liquid O CPE un-reinforced or polyester reinforced sheet material O PIB formulated from isobutylene and other polymers, carbon black, and additional additives
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EXAMPLE OF BUILT-UP ROOF

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STEEP ROOFING
O Slopes exceed 41/2/ft. O Many materials used in modern roofing

practices existed centuries ago (clay tiles, and stone) O Material used is based on: cost criteria, slope of roof, expected service life, wind resistance, fire resistance, and local climate.
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ROOFING MATERIAL AND SLOPE

Min. Slope 2 in 12
3 in 12 4 in 12 5 in 12

TYPE OF ROOF
Asphalt shingles (warranty may require a steeper slope - 4 in 12)
Mineral fiber-cement shingles, wood shakes or shingles Slate shingles, concrete tile (other than flat) Flat clay tile, concrete tile
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ROOFING UNDERLAYMENT
O Should be asphalt-saturated felt (usually a

No. 15 or No. 30 used, may require more than 1 layer-depending on roofing material selected) see pg 463, fig 7.6-6 O Applied immediately after the roof sheathing is in place

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UNDERLAYMENT PERFORMS THESE FUNCTIONS:

O Protects sheathing from moisture

absorption O Prevents the entrance of wind-driven rain onto sheathing O Prevents direct contact between asphalt shingles and resinous areas in wood sheathing (chemically incompatible-may damage shingles)
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TYPES OF ROOFING MATERIALS

O ASPHALT SHINGLES O SLATE O TILE

O MINERAL-FIBER-CEMENT SHINGLES
O WOOD SHINGLES AND SHAKES O METAL

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ROOFING STYLES

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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FLASHING
O Should be installed at all intersections of other

roofs, walls, and projections from roof. O Flashing should be made of corrosion resistant materials such as:
O Galvanized or stainless steel (min 26 gauge) O Aluminum (0.019 inch min.) avoid using next to

masonry O Copper (16 oz.) if not lead coatedmay stain surrounding materials O Flexible sheet- made of PVC or modified polymers-used in single-ply & some BUR [built up roof]

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TYPICAL LOCATIONS FOR FLASHING

O Valleys joint formed by 2 sloping roofs O Chimney O Eaves ice forming along the eaves

O Drip edge
O All roof penetrations

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SIDING
O The type of wall siding selected depends on cost,

expected life service, wind resistance, fire resistance, local climate, and maintenance. O Possible materials include:
O Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles

O Wood shingles & shakes

O Aluminum and Vinyl siding O Wood or Hardboard siding
O Bevel, Tongue & Groove, Lap, Board and Batten

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SEALANTS
O Basic types of building sealants include:
O Elastomeric (rubber like) polysulfides, silicone,
O O

O O
O O

polyurethane [expansion joints] Solvent release curing [small-joints (3/16 or less] Latex emulsion [small interior joints, doors,windows] Tape [glazing, concealing lap joints] Acoustical [seal sound transmission, electrical outlets] Preformed Foam Oil-based caulking compounds [doors, windows, masonry subject to little or no movement]
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REFERENCES
O Construction Materials and Processes, 3rd Edition. Watson, O O O O O

Don A.. McGraw-Hill, 1986. Imprint 2000. ISBN: 0-07-0684766 Construction Principles, Materials, and Methods, Seventh Edition. H. Leslie Simmons, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2001. Olins Construction Principles, Materials, and Methods, Eighth Edition. H. Leslie Simmons, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2007 Architectural Materials for Construction, Rosen, Harold J. and Heineman, Tom. McGraw-Hill, 1996. ISBN: 0-07-053741-0 Basic Construction Materials, 6th Edition. Marotta, Theodore W. Prentice Hall, 2002. ISBN: 0-13-089625-X Building Construction: Materials and Types of Construction, 6th Edition, Ellison, Donald C., Huntington, W.C., Mickadeit, Robert E.. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0-13-090952-1. Architectural Graphic Standards: Student Edition, Abridgment of 9th Edition. The American Institute of Architects. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0-471-34817-1
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