Presented by: UCHEOMA CHIKE UZOCHUKWU Chemical Engineering, FUTO.

20061497913

OUTLINE
Introduction
Principles of fluidization Theory of fluidization

Classification of Fluidized bed system

Parameters to be controlled in fluidized bed systems Industrial application and current uses Advantages and disadvantages Conclusion Questions and comments

INTRODUCTION
Fluidization is a process in which solids are caused to

behave like a fluid by blowing gas or liquid upwards through the solid-filled reactor. Physical operations in fluidization Chemical operations in fluidization Established operations of fluidization

PRINCIPLES OF FLUIDIZATION
The principle of operation of fluidized systems are based on the fact that if a gas is allowed to flow through a bed of particulate solids at velocity greater than the settling velocity of the particles and less than the terminal velocity for pneumatic conveying and equal to the minimum velocity of fluidization (Vmf ), the solids get partially suspended in the stream of upward moving gas.

THEORY OF FLUIDIZATION

(a) Slow flow rate Fixed bed V 0 < V mf

(b) Intermediate flow Fluidized bed V mf Vo < U t

(c) High flow rate Mobilized bed V 0 U t

ROLE OF PRESSURE DROP IN FLUIDIZATION When a fluid flows through a bed of particles in a tube, it will exert a drag force upon the particles resulting in a pressure drop across the bed. As the fluids approach velocity is increased, pressure drop is magnified.

CLASSIFICATION OF FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM

According To Process Application Drying Granulation Coating According to Principle Spiral granulator Bottom spray coating Tangential spray rotor processor

Parameters to be controlled in fluidized bed systems

Apparatus parameters (includes air distribution plates,

shape of instrument body and Nozzle height) Process parameters for drying(includes temperature, humidity & air flow rate) Process parameters in granulation(nozzle position in relation to material height, spray rate & spray pressure) Process parameters in coating(distance of spray nozzle, droplet size, spray rate, spray pressure)

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND CURRENT USES

Industrial Application Fluidized bed reactors
Current Uses Production of Gasoline and other fuels Polymer production(such as rubber, Vinyl chloride, polyethylenes and styrenes) Coal gasification Nuclear power plant Water and waste treatment settings

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages Uniform particle mixing Uniform temperature gradient Ability to operate reactor in continuous state
Disadvantages Increased reactor vessel size Pumping requirement and pressure drop Particle entrainment Lack of current understanding Erosion of internal component Pressure loss cinerios

Conclusion
The study establish a conclusion that fluid velocity is

the major factor that determines the rate of fluidization in a fluidized bed. With finer, less dense and cohesive powder, it is very difficult to fluidize a bed because the inter particle forces are then greater than the gravitational ones. The particles tends to stick together and the gas passes through the bed by blowing channels through it.

QUESTION AND COMMENTS