Starting in the Name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, the most Gracious , the Most Merciful.

Submitted To:Asst.Prof. Jam Shahzeb Sehto

Delivered by:
Muzzafar Hussain(L10CE-06) Sarang khan(L10CE-04) Zahid Hussain(L10CE-07)

TOPIC

 Usually refer to sewage treatment,

or domestic wastewater treatment

process of removing contaminants

from wastewater, both runoff and domestic

To produce waste stream (effluent) To produce solid waste (sludge)

To discharge or reuse them back into the environment

Residences (kitchen, bathroom)

Commercial institution

Industrial institution (usually require specialized treatment process)

collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant

To manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of water pollution.

Pre-treatment
Preliminary treatment

Primary treatment
Secondary treatment Tertiary/Advanced treatment

Pre-treatment:
Water discharged from homes, businesses, and industry enters sanitary sewers Water comes from rainwater on streets enters storm water sewers
Combined sewers carry both sanitary wastes and storm water

Prevention

of toxic chemicals or excess nutrients being discharged in wastewater

Water

moves toward the wastewater plant primarily by gravity flow stations pump water from low lying areas over hills

Lift

Storm water and Sanitary Sewer System

At most plants preliminary treatment is used to protect pumping equipment and facilitate subsequent treatment processes. Preliminary devices are designed to remove or cut up the larger suspended and floating solids, to remove excessive amounts of oils or greases.

following devices are commonly used:

Mesh Screen:

rack, bars are used to removes diapers, combs, plastic bags,

syringes, etc.
Screens Comminuting devices:

grinders, cutters, shredders are used for broking large solids into small pieces. Grit chambers:

removes rocks, gravel, broken glass, etc.

Pre-aeration tanks:

In addition to the above, chlorination may be used in preliminary treatment. Since chlorination may be used at all stages in treatment, it is considered to be a method by itself. Preliminary treatment devices require

Preliminary Treatment

Primary wastewater treatment

In this treatment, most of the settle able solids are separated or removed from the wastewater by the physical process of sedimentation. When certain chemicals are used with primary sedimentation tanks, some of the colloidal solids are also removed. The purpose of primary treatment is to reduce the velocity of the wastewater sufficiently to permit solids to settle and floatable material to surface. Therefore, primary devices may consist of settling tanks, clarifiers or sedimentation tanks.

water samples are taken for determination of Suspended solids & B.O.D.
Suspended Solids the quantity of solid

materials floating in the water column

B.O.D. = Biochemical Oxygen Demand

- a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic matter in the water

Preliminary within Primary treatment

Separation of large debris following sedimentation
Gravel, sand, twigs. leaves
Bar Screen Grit Chamber
Primary clarifiers/ sedimentation tanks Primary Settling Tank

To land application

Anaerobic sludge digestor

sludge

Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc. is an RGF Environmental Distributor

 pH

B.O.D. C.O.D. Suspended Solids Settable Solids Fats, Oils, & Greases Nutrients - nitrogen & phosphorous

Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc. is an RGF Environmental Distributor

Secondary treatment depends primarily upon aerobic organisms which biochemically decompose the organic solids to inorganic or stable organic solids.
In this process dissolved and non-settling organic solids from the primary effluent are removed.

Remaining suspended solids are decomposed and number of pathogens are reduced

The devices used in secondary treatment:

Trickling filters with secondary settling tanks Activated sludge and modifications with final settling

tanks
Intermittent sand filters Stabilization ponds

Material collected at the bottom of sedimentation tank is known as sludge and the partially treated sewage is known as effluent.

The main function of the secondary treatment is to convert the remaining organic matter into stable form by oxidation or nitrification .

This is a method of treatment in all stages of wastewater treatment, and even prior to preliminary treatment. It involves the application of chlorine to the wastewater for the following purposes:

Disinfection or destruction of pathogenic organisms Prevention of wastewater decomposition --

Chlorination is going to be done

Wastewater effluent becomes even cleaner in this treatment process through the use of stronger and more advanced treatment systems.
In this step removes stubborn contaminants that secondary treatment was not able to clean up.

Involves a series of steps to further reduce organic concentration, turbidity, N, P, metals, and pathogens

Tertiary treatment technologies to further stabilize oxygen-demanding substances in the wastewater, or to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. Tertiary treatment may also involve physicalchemical separation techniques such as carbon adsorption, flocculation/precipitation, membranes for advanced filtration, ion exchange, dechlorination and reverse osmosis.

TERTIARY TREATMENT
Sand or mixed media filter Settling tank

Disinfection tank

Discharge to environment

filters out protozoans & pathogenic bacteria

Sludge digestor

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