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The steady state level of capital and how savings affects output and economic growth.
Model Background
y=f(k)
MPK
change in y change in k
y=f(k)
Change in y
Change in k
(1s) we can generate a consumption function. c = (1s)y which makes our identity, y = (1s)y + I rearranging, i = s*y so investment per worker equals savings per worker.
To augment the model we define a depreciation rate (). To see the impact of investment and depreciation on capital
we develop the following (change in capital) formula, k = i k substituting for (i) gives us, k = s*f(k) k
s*f(k)
At the point where both (k) and (y) are constant it must be the case that, k = s*f(k) k = 0 or, s*f(k) = k this occurs at our equilibrium point k*. At k* depreciation equals investment.
klow
k*
khigh
k4=k3+k
k5=k4+k
s*f(k*)=k*
s*f(k)
k1
k2 k3 k4 k5 k*
K2 is Kstill is4still too K is5still is too still tootoo 3K low low so low so low so so
A Numerical Example
A Numerical Example
Lets assume s=.4, =.09, and k=4. To solve for equilibrium set s*f(k)=k. This
gives us .4*k1/2=.09*k. Simplifying gives us k=19.7531, so k*=19.7531.
A Numerical Example
k=4, and y=k1/2 , so y=2. c=(1s)y, and s=.4, so c=.6y=1.2 i=s*y, so i=.8 k =.09*4=.36 k=s*yk so k=.8.36=.44 so k=4+.44=4.44 for the next period.
A Numerical Example
k
4 4.44 . 8.343... . 19.75...
y
2 2.107... . 2.888... . 4.44
c
1.2 1.264... . 1.689... . 2.667...
i
.8 .842 . 1.126... . 1.777...
k
.36 .399 . .713 . 1.777...
k
.44 .443 . .412 . 0.000...
A Numerical Example
results Time Paths of Variables 20Graphing our results in Mathematica gives us,
15
10
20
40
60
80
100
period
s*f(k*)=k*
What happens if we
increase savings?
s*f(k*)=k*
s*f(k)
Conclusion