U.

S Mobilization for War/Home Front

Transforming from civilian to war economy

Expanding economic opportunities Women were asked to aid war efforts Levied taxes 5% on all working Americans Americans encouraged to buy war bonds Government Managing the Economy

Media Boosts Morale

Office of War Information

Worked with media to encourage support of war effort

FDR Office of Price Administration used to control wages and set maximum prices Insured raw materials went to the war efforts

Media spotlighting common needs, minimize racial and economic divisions and downplay problems of poverty and crime Displaying struggles between dictatorship and democracy

Frank Capras Why We Fight documentary

Need to beat fascism

War Productions Board

Mobilizing Industry War Productions Board January 16th, 1942 by FDR Task to oversee peacetime Task to convert civilian industry to war production

Goals for military production were raised each year American production gave Allies advantage\ At the end of WWII

FDR placed embargo on naval & Aviation supplies to Japan (oil, iron ore, fuel, steel, rubber) Supervised all other industries

Office of War Mobilization

This was a production miracle. Contributed to end of Great Depression by providing jobs for everyone

Production of more than 250,000 plans 7,000,000 tons of naval ships and 46,000,000 tons of merchant vessels 20,000,000 heavy artillery shells 40,000,000,000 rounds of small ammunition Half a million guns of all types

Role of African-Americans, women, Hispanics

Role of African Americans Demanded fair employment Only 240 per 100,000 people found job opportunities Jobs were segregated Double V campaign Victory over fascism abroad and victory over discrimination at home NAACP membership grew to 500,000 1942: Congress of Racial Equality founded It was a non violent protest to fight segregation

Role of Hispanics Role of Women Expansion of social, cultural, asked to aid war efforts economic and political forces in Find jobs in heavy the South and industry Southwest Laborer Holding jobs through opportunity being brought from marriage Mexico to work on U.S farms 60% of the womens with the workforce was older than Brancero Program 35 Initiated decades of migratory labor in the west

Financing the War

Expanding economic opportunities Women were asked to aid war efforts Levied taxes 5% on all working Americans Americans encouraged to buy war bonds

ways to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation.

FDR Office of Price Administration used to control wages and set maximum prices Insured raw materials went to the war efforts

Government Managing the Economy

Office of War Information

Office of War Information (OWI) worked with media to encourage support of war effort Spotlight common needs, minimize racial and economic divisions, and downplay problems of poverty and crime Struggle between dictatorship and democracy

Launched overseas propaganda campaign Premiered Frank Capras Why We Fight

Encouraged need to beat fascism Contributed to War Effort Use it up, wear I out, make it o, and do with out.

Propaganda posters

The Nazi party used propaganda to dissuade Jewish likings and persuade anti-semantic views World War II wholly refined use of propaganda with use of pictures and words to persuade a view towards a population Encouraged the American people to take part in war efforts by

Censorship

Definition: Prior review of all forms of expression in order to suppress or restrain anything considered objectionable

EFFECT: shaped how Americans perceived the war and served propaganda purposes

Purpose: to ensure domestic security and to protect military secrets

Speech Publications Other forms of expression

Censors restricted the publication of brutal images of the war and problems on the domestic front
Photos of dead Americans were thought to be harmful to morale and werent released to the public until 1943 Government wanted to avoid home-front overconfidence

U.S Army and Navy began planning by the late 1930s

FDR issued Executive Order 8985

1940 Smith Act is passed Outlawed advocating the overthrow of the government and authorized deporting aliens who belonged to revolutionary organizations or expressed revolutionary sentiments

The Office of War Information and its Bureau of Motion Pictures ensured that the content of Hollywood films during the war fit with the administrations war aims through appeals to patriotism and threats to restrict distribution
Filmmakers cooperated with the government

Created the Federal Office of censorship under Associated Press editor Byron Price

Never seemed excessive due to unwillingness of many leaders to repeat the excesses of WWI

Scanned radio and movie scripts, magazine and newspapers stories, listened to telephone conversations, monitored radio broadcasts, banned crossword puzzles Opened letters were marked with a sticker that said Opened by Censor