Elevi XI-B: Petrea Irina Florentina Marinescu Gabriel Catalin

Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII

Mary I

Henry FitzRoy

Edward VI

Elizabeth I

 1533 Elizabeth is born at Greenwich Palace. 1536 Elizabeth's mother, Queen Anne Boleyn, is executed at The Tower of London. 1537 Elizabeth's half-brother, Prince Edward, is born. 1547 King Henry VIII dies and Prince Edward becomes King Edward VI. 1553 King Edward VI dies and Elizabeth's half-sister, Mary, becomes Queen Mary

I.
1554 Elizabeth is imprisoned in The Tower of London and then Woodstock Manor. 1555 Elizabeth is freed.

1558 Queen Mary I dies and Elizabeth becomes Queen Elizabeth I.

1559 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I.

Elizabethan Religious Settlement

1562 Elizabeth is seriously ill with small pox at Hampton Court Palace.

1564 William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe are born.

1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate the throne. 1568 Mary, Queen of Scots, is imprisoned in England after fleeing Scotland.

1569 Northern Rebellion 1570 Elizabeth is excommunicated from the Catholic Church by the Pope. 1571 Ridolfi Plot to assassinate Elizabeth. 1572 Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, is executed for treason. 1574 Richard Burbage opens the first theatre in England called The Theatre. 1575 Kenilworth Entertainments 1577 Francis Drake sets out on the first English voyager around the world. 1584 Bond of Association 1585 Elizabeth takes The Netherlands under her protection, beginning the War with Spain. 1586 Babington Plot and trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, for treason. 1587 Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed at Fotheringay Castle. 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1597 Second Spanish Armada defeated. 1599 The Globe theatre is opened. 1601 Essex RebellionQueen Elizabeth's Golden Speech. 1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth I and accession of King James I.

 While Mary, a devout Catholic ,was at the throne of

England. She was determined to crush the Protestant faith in which Elizabeth had been educated, and she ordered that everyone should attend Catholic Mass; Elizabeth had to outwardly conform. As a consequence many looked to Elizabeth as a focus for their opposition to Mary's religious policies.

 In January and February 1554, Wyatts rebellion broke out but

it was soon suppressed. Elizabeth was brought to court, and interrogated regarding her role, and on 18 March, she was imprisoned in the Tower of London although she fervently protested her innocence.

 After two months of terror at the Tower of London

Elizabeth was finally released on Saturday 19 May. However she was not given her freedom. She was placed under the equivalent of 'house arrest' at the Royal residence at Woodstock. Elizabeth had not expected to be released and was suspicious of the circumstances surrounding her release from the Tower. She believed that she was still in mortal danger. She stopped at Richmond Palace on the way to Woodstock and called her few servants to pray with her. She was convinced that she was going to die that night. Finally, she was eventually allowed to leave Woodstock in April 1555 - after nearly one year of confinement.

 Elizabeth was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17

November 1558 until her death. She was the fifth Tutor monarch, and the last one (the first one was Henry VII, then Henry VIII, Edward VI, her cousin Lady Jane Grey and Mary I).

 Like her father, Elizabeth was a Protestant. When she

became queen, one of the first things it was necessary for her to do, was restore the Protestant Church of England. Events that led to the restoration of the Church of England is known as "The Elizabeth Religious Settlement". It was comprised of two Acts: 1. THE ACT OF SUPREMACY 2. THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY.

 In the reign of her father and brother, the monarch had

been "Head of the Church in England", but under Elizabeth, this was modified to "Supreme Governor of the Church in England". The change may have been made to appease Catholics who could not accept the monarch as "Head of the Church", seeing the church as the Pope's domain, or it may have been made because Elizabeth was a woman. This act also included an oath of loyalty to the Queen that the clergy were expected to take. If they did not take it, then they would lose their office. A High Commission was established to ensure that the oath was taken.

 One of the most important things about the act of

uniformity was that church attendance on Sundays and holy days was made compulsory, with a twelve pence fine to be collected if people did not attend, the money to be given to the poor. The wording of the Communion was to be vague so that Protestants and Catholics could both participate, and the ornaments and vestments of the Church were to be retained as they had been before the reforms in the second year of Edward's reign.

 After Marry, Qween of Scots was forced by the Scottish lords

to abdicate in favour of her son James. She run and escaped from Loch Leven in 1568 but after another defeat fled across the border into England, where she had once been assured of support from Elizabeth. Elizabeth's first instinct was to restore her fellow monarch; but she and her council instead chose to play safe. Rather than risk returning Mary to Scotland with an English army or sending her to France and the Catholic enemies of England, they detained her in England, where she was imprisoned for the next nineteen years.

 Mary was soon the focus for rebellion. In 1569 there was a

major Catholic rising in the North; the goal was to free Mary, marry her to Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and put her on the English throne . After the rebels' defeat, over 750 of them were executed on Elizabeth's orders. Pope Pius V issued a bull in 1570, titled Regnans in Excelsis, which declared "Elizabeth, the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime" to be excommunicate and a heretic, releasing all her subjects from any allegiance to her. Catholics who obeyed her orders were threatened with excommunication. The papal bull provoked legislative initiatives against Catholics by Parliament, which were however mitigated by Elizabeth's intervention .

 Elizabteh taking The Netherlands under her protection, in

1585, made Philip II to decide taking the war to England at last.

 On 12 July 1588, the Spanish Armada, a great fleet of ships,

set sail for the channel, planning to ferry a Spanish invasion force under the Duke of Parma to the coast of southeast England from the Netherlands. A combination of miscalculation,misfortune, and an attack of English fire ships on 29 July off Gravelines which dispersed the Spanish ships to the northeast defeated the Armada.The Armada straggled home to Spain in shattered remnants, after disastrous losses on the coast of Ireland.Unaware of the Armada's fate, English militias mustered to defend the country under the Earl of Leicester's command. He invited Elizabeth to inspect her troops at Tilbury in Essex on 8 August. Wearing a silver breastplate over a white velvet dress, she addressed them in one of her most famous speeches.

 My loving people, we have been persuaded by some that are

careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit ourself to armed multitudes for fear of treachery; but I assure you, I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people ... I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a King of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any Prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm!

 Her Motto: Video et Taceo

(I see, and I say nothing)

 Although it has been said that Queen Elizabeth had lots of

different lovers, in fact she only ever had one love-affair. This was with Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who she may well have married had the political circumstances been more favourable to the match. Stories of relationships with men like Christopher Hatton, Water Raleigh, and The Earl of Essex, are false.

 Princess Elizabeth and Robert Dudley were

both imprisoned in the Tower of London at the same time, and only a walkway separated them. But they may not have seen as much of each other as romantics would have us believe!

 The Elizabethans were very fond of sugary foods,

and although they tried to take care of their teeth by cleaning them, they were not able to control tooth decay, and this turned their teeth yellow and black in time. It was noted by Foreign Ambassadors that Queen Elizabeth had black teeth.

 http://www.elizabethi.org/uk/timeline/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England
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ement.html http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethimprisoned-at-woodstock.htm