Education Management in Tackling Social Exclusion and Child Poverty;

Case study at a district and school level in West Sumatra Delfia Tanjung Sari

EDUCATION
means conscious and well-planned effort in creating a learning environment and learning process so that learners will be able to develop their full potential for acquiring spiritual and religious strengths, develop self-control, personality, intelligence, morals and noble character and also skills that one needs for him/herself, for the community, for the nation, and for the State.
(Act of The Republic of Indonesia, number 20, Year 2003, on National Education System)

THE NEEDS OF EDUCATION

Self Development (Sen;1999)

Key for sustainable development (Kotler;1997,

Foskett;2003, Suyono;2009, Todaro; 2009,Moon;2010)

Human Capital Investment (Smith;1776,

Lewis;1954, Schultz;1976, Becker; 1993)

Human Right (United Nation)

EDUCATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT

Universal Declaration of Human Right, 1948. Declaration of the right of the children, 1959. International Covenant on Economic, social and cultural rights, 1966. World conference on Education for All, 1990. Follow-up World Education Forum, 2000, stat stated by 2015 as a target date for Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

THE SECOND TARGET OF MDGS

By 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. The Indicators are: School enrolment ratio. Literacy rate. Length of study. Ratio between boys and girls student.

A key driver for success in enabling access to education is Education Management

(Chapman;2002 , Bush;2006,Wilson;2009)

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
An institution that concerned with achieving the purpose and aim of education. A field of study that learn how the institution of education set the activities that effective and efficient in utilization of internal resources, and how they interacted with external environment in order to achieve the organizational goals.
(bolam;1999, Sapre;2002, Chapman;2002, Bush;2006)

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCING EDUCATION MANAGEMENT

Internal Factors; teaching staff, administration staff, financial, environment & facilities External Factors; parents, community & government Leadership Factor is an individuals ability to articulate a vision and move an idea or program forward in ways that encourage others to participate and support the idea.
(bolam;1999, Sapre;2002, Chapman;2002, Act of The Republic of Indonesia, number 20, Year 2003, on National Education System, Bush;2006)

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

Ministry of Education Provincial Government District/City Government Primary and Secondary School (basic Education Higher Education Institution
(Act of The Republic of Indonesia, number 20, Year 2003, on National Education System)

MDGS ACHIEVING IN WEST SUMATRA (2008/2009)

Indicators School Enrolment ratio age 7 12 years old Ratio Girls/Boys 7 12 years old enrolment School Enrolment ratio age 13 15 years old Ratio Girls/Boys 13 15 years old enrolment Literacy Rate Length of Study (Years) West Sumatra 98.60% 0.93 72.44% 1.00 90.48% 8.0

SOCIAL EXCLUSION
Means being unable to access or to participate or to get advantages the things in life such as economic, civic and social norm, that most of society takes for granted, and it can be influencing by global, national, local, community, family or individual problems
(Sparkes;1999, Burchardt; 2001 Kamerman;2003)

SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN EDUCATION

Means children being unable to access or to participate on school, one of their right as part of civic, because of local, community, family or individual problems, such as:
Poverty Working Doesnt like or shy to go to school Married Not excepted or drop out Natural Condition Think that the education has quite enough Disability others

POVERTY AND CHILD POVERTY

Persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State to which they belong. (The European Unions working definition) Peoples or Persons under 18 years old whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from school.

FRAMEWORK
External Factors Internal Factors
Leadership Factor

Education Management Child Poverty Social Exclusion Education for All

RESEARCH QUESTION

Is the education management in West Sumatra, at district and school level, tackling the problems of child poverty and social exclusion?

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
To evaluate if education management, at a district and school level, is concerned with social exclusion and child poverty. To identify key factors (external, internal and leadership) that influence the success of school based initiatives in combating social exclusion. To establish best practice principles for education management at a district level in West Sumatra that tackles social exclusion and child poverty.

RESEARCH METHOD

Content Analysis

Education Management at a District and School Level ethnographic approach using semi structured interviews and narrative

Government Educational Report

RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

The research is intended to contribute to our understanding of how education management at a district and School level can combat educational exclusion due to child poverty.

TERIMAKASIH....^.~