NETWORK PROTOCOLS

PRESENTED BY: NS-SARAH SHIRAZ NS-SABAINA HAROON.

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WHAT IS A PROTOCOL..
There are rules governing how data is transferred over networks, how they are compressed, how they are presented on the
screen and so on. These set of rules are called protocols.

NETWORK PROTOCOLS
Anetwork protocoldefines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for computer
networking all generally use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets.

PACKET SWITCHING
Packet A unit of data sent across a network Router A network device that directs a packet between networks toward its final destination Packet switching Messages are divided into fixed-sized, numbered packets; packets are individually routed to their destination,

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HOW DO NETWORK PROTOCLS WORK TOGETHER ???

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THE OSI MODEL

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OSI
The (Open System Interconnection)reference model has been an essential element of computer network design. The OSI is an abstract model of how network protocols and equipment should communicate and work together.

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OSI
The OSI model divides the complex task of communications , into a series of stages known as layers .

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LAYERS IN OSI

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LAYERS
Layers in the OSI model are ordered from lowest level to highest. Together, these layers comprise the OSI stack. The stack contains seven layers in two groups : Upper layers- Lower layers

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OSI

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TCP/IP protocol suite

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TYPES OF NETWORK PROTOCOLS

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TYPES
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol,. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol,. FTP: File Transfer Protocol
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, used for email

SLP: (Service Location Protocol) SNMP: (Simple Network

Management Protocol)
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TYPES
UDP (User Datagram protocols) FTP (FILE Transfer Protocol) ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol)

SCTP (Stream Control Transmission

Protocol) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
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TYPES
WCCP :Web Cache Coordination
Protocol

SCTP :Stream Control Transmission

Protocol

IGMP :Internet Group Management

Protocol
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TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)

Software that breaks messages into packets(unit of data sent across a network) Hands them off to IP software for delivery. And then orders and reassembles the
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INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)

Software that deals with the routing of packets through the maze of interconnected networks to their final destination Internet protocol is a special address or ID assigned to your computer that helps route the data out of your computer.
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POSITION OF IP IN IP/TCP SUIT

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Note: An IP address is a 32-bit address.

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Note: The address space of IPv4 is like 4,294,967,296.

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IP ADDRESS

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IP ADDRESS
Every Device Connected To The Internet Is Assigned A Unique Number Known As IP Address. It Consists Of Four Numbers Separated By Periods And Look Something Like 115.167.22.364

HOW DOES TCP/IP WORK?

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FIRST ABOUT IP
Allows data to be sent over the Internet that occurs in packets containing 1 - 1500 bytes of date. each packet is given a destination IP address:
The addresses include four eight-bit octets, which are often written in decimal format for simplicity. To illustrate this, it is easy to see that the following address 10000111.10100101.00100011.11110000 is more easily written and understood as 135.165.35.240

The second protocol :TCP

ensures a sent message is sent without any loss of data or any mix up of the order of the data will request re-transmission of lost or damaged packets. How does it do this? a long message is broken up into many IP packets each packet have a number allocated to it

OTHER PROTOCOLS BUILD ON TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used to specify transfer of electronic mail File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows a user to transfer files to and from another computer Telnet used to log onto one computer from another Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) allows exchange of Web documents

SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL

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SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL(SMTP)

It is mainly used when you click on "Send" to send an email. This protocol bundles up your message, and sends it across the network via SMTP to the web server that relays it out to the email address you specified.

FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL

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FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL(FTP)

It is used to transfer files from a server to a client computer. A common example of an FTP service is when you visit a site to download software--you click on download, and it contacts the FTP server which then downloads the file to your computer.

HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL

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HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL(HTTP)

HTTP is a protocol that communicates between an Internet browser, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, and a web server that is hosting a website. HTTP requests the web pages from the website, and displays them on your browser. HTTP also sends information back to the web server.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP AND FTP

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP AND FTP

There is really only a difference between FTP & HTTP. FTP is for transferring files between computers in a network HTTP is protocol for transferring WebPages
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Thank You

PRESENTED BY: NS-SARAH SHIRAZ NS-SABAINA HAROON.

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