Chapter 10

Preventing Infectious Disease

Virus, Bacteria, Fungi

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0em EGShQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqOVYp kZ0qs&feature=related

Understanding Infection

We live in a sea of microbes. Infection is a complex process, triggered by various pathogens (disease causing organisms)

Agents of Infection

These Microbes cause infection viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminthes

Viruses are the tiniest and toughest pathogens

They take over cells reproductive capability Rhinoviruses (mucous membranes and cause colds) Corona viruses also cause colds and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

Herpes, Papilloma viruses and Retrovirus

Herpes viruses take up permanent residence in cells and periodically flare up Papilloma viruses are responsible for some cervical cancers Retrovirus is the human immunodeficiency virus HIV

Bacteria- Simple one celled organisms

Harm the body by releasing enzymes that digest body cells, body produces antibodies to attack the invaders
Antibiotics can kill bacteria because they are different from our cells

Fungi

Single-celled thread like fibers. They attack hair covered areas and ear canals and feet. Anti-fungal drugs work

Protozoa and Helminthes

Protozoa- single-celled microscopic animals Malaria, dysentery and giardia

Helminthes are small parasitic worms like tape worm

Transmission

Animals and Insects Flies, mosquitoes, ticks, Person to Person Food and water Incubation-Early symptomshighly contagious

Protection- How the body does it!

First line of defense (skin, tears, sweat, skin, saliva) Lymphatic system (spleen, lymph nodes)filtering system to fight foreign agents

Immune disorders

Allergies represent a hypersensitivity to a substance in our environment or diet. Medication, nasal sprays and immunotherapy, which consists of a series of small but increasing, doses of an allergen.

Infectious disease-Common cold

200 different VIRUSES, can strike any season, best to wash hands regularly, replace toothbrushes and avoid stress. The best cure is time, rest and liquids

Influenza
Causes

more severe symptoms, lasts longer, Virus is extremely contagious by air in first 3 days Flu shots, nasal flu vaccine (flumist), antiviral drugs (tamiflu) are lines of defense

H1N1- What is the big deal?

We

have not developed immunity to the virus- spreads easier Combine the gene virus from pigs, humans and birds Affects Teen, young adults and the middle aged

What to do?
Stay

at home for 24 hours after the fever subsides without medication! Rest and drink plenty of fluids

Call a doctor!
Older

than 65 or younger than 2 Other complications like diabetes, cancer, pregnant or weakened immune system

Meningitis-attacks membrane around the brain

15-24

years of age Fever, STIFF NECK, rash, nausea and vomiting. People think they have the flu Vaccine is advised!!!!

Hepatitis- 5 different viruses. A,B,C, Delta and E

Inflammation

of the liver. Headache, fever, fatigue, nausea. Hep A is transmitted by poor sanitation (fecal to food and water) Hep B is potentially a fatal disease through blood and other bodily fluids

Hep B and C

Start at the one minute mark

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDD2s bA6uUQ&feature=related

Hep C

Hep C is 4X as widespread as HIV and affects 2% of Americans 80% have no symptoms B and C are typically contacted by infected blood, Unclean needles used by drug users or tattoos/piercing. May require a liver transplant.

Mononucleosis: kissing disease

ages

15-24, spleen swells weakness, fever, headache and enlarged lymph nodes.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

Controversy-

Is it real? Bed rest does not help Most common in people in 40s and 50s Can be part of a bigger issue: Diabetes, depression.

Tuberculosis was once the nations leading killer

Bacterial

infection in the lungs Growing because of the rate of resistant strains of TB due to the improper use of anti-biotic

Lyme Disease: bacterial infection spread by ticks

Joint inflammation, heart arrhythmias, headaches and memory lapses. Bulls Eye Rash

West Nile Virus-transmitted by mosquito

Feeds on an infected bird Inflammation of the brain and attacks the CNS

AVIAN FLU AND SARS

Avian flu- future pandemic. Spread to cats, pigs and other animals. Severe acute respiratory syndrome is spread by coughing or sneezing. Flu like symptoms no cure

Reproductive and Urinary Tract Infections

Vaginal

Trichomoniasis, candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis Itching, burning and discharge

More Info

Protozoa = Trich, yeast infection is called candidiasis which has a whitish discharge (cheesy). Bacterial vaginosis from alterations in microorganisms that live in the vagina. Fishy discharge

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Can be present in any of the 3 parts of the urinary tract (bladder, urethra or kidney) 3X as many women as men for anatomical reasons Many reasons from stress to bike riding

Symptoms and Prevention

Burning

during urination, chills, fever and blood in urine Be sure to wipe from front to back after going to the bathroom. Drink plenty of water every day. Washing the genitals after sex can help prevent the spread of bacteria.

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Top

10 most reported disease in

US Highest rates of sexually transmitted infections occur among 16-24 year olds College students account for half of all new cases. HPV is the most commonly reported

More facts!

Chlamydia ranked second. Followed by herpes WHY? Multiple partners, failure to use condoms and a feeling that it wont happen to them.

Chlamydia

The most widespread ST bacterium in the US 75% of women and 50% men have no symptoms. Treatment is 7 days if left untreated it can cause complications in fertility and genital health.

Human Papilloma Virus

Genital warts and is the most common viral STI For women it can cause cervical cancer and for men there are warts and penile cancer risks You cannot eradicate HPV- it can go dormant for some

Herpes
Herpes

simplex I is cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth. Herpes simplex II blisters are on the penis, inside the vagina, cervix and on buttocks and thighs

Herpes

Promotes the spread of HIV. Passed on to baby in the birth canal. No cure!

Pelvic inflammatory disease

PID is a silent disease of the womens fallopian tubes, which is a complication of STI Detect and treat STI early and help prevent problems with just a low cost urine test

Gonorrhea

In women can cause PID In men- urinary blockage and sterility. Can be fatal. Called the Clap

Syphilis

Corkscrew shaped bacterium. Can invade organs in last phase and cause death. Penicillin is the drug of choice.

Chancroid

Bacteria that causes a soft and painful sore Anti-biotics will help it heal.

HIV and AIDS

40-million worldwide 65% of AIDS diagnoses are men who have sex with men 27% of new cases are women

More Info
African Americans and Latinos account for a disproportionate share of new cases It takes 3-6 months for your body to produce the antibodies which means you may test negative when you are positive for AIDS