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  • Microalgae: from sun to fuel - an overview of cultivation, conversion technologies and challenges

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    tzingara
    14 vizualizări16 pagini
    This document discusses microalgae as a source for fuel production. It provides a historical perspective on research in this area dating back to the 1950s. Microalgae have potential advantages over terrestrial biofuel crops as they can produce over 20 times more oil per hectare using only sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. The document outlines different cultivation methods for microalgae, such as open ponds and closed photobioreactors. It also describes the downstream processing steps required to convert the biomass into fuels, including dewatering, drying, lipid extraction, and conversion technologies. While microalgae show promise as a sustainable fuel source, the document concludes that commercial production remains an order of magnitude too expensive and that new cultivation and

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    This document discusses microalgae as a source for fuel production. It provides a historical perspective on research in this area dating back to the 1950s. Microalgae have potential advantages over terrestrial biofuel crops as they can produce over 20 times more oil per hectare using only sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. The document outlines different cultivation methods for microalgae, such as open ponds and closed photobioreactors. It also describes the downstream processing steps required to convert the biomass into fuels, including dewatering, drying, lipid extraction, and conversion technologies. While microalgae show promise as a sustainable fuel source, the document concludes that commercial production remains an order of magnitude too expensive and that new cultivation and

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    14 vizualizări16 pagini

    Microalgae: from sun to fuel - an overview of cultivation, conversion technologies and challenges

    Încărcat de

    tzingara
    This document discusses microalgae as a source for fuel production. It provides a historical perspective on research in this area dating back to the 1950s. Microalgae have potential advantages over terrestrial biofuel crops as they can produce over 20 times more oil per hectare using only sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. The document outlines different cultivation methods for microalgae, such as open ponds and closed photobioreactors. It also describes the downstream processing steps required to convert the biomass into fuels, including dewatering, drying, lipid extraction, and conversion technologies. While microalgae show promise as a sustainable fuel source, the document concludes that commercial production remains an order of magnitude too expensive and that new cultivation and

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 16

    Microalgae: from sun to fuel

    27.09.2013

    Contents
    Introduction

    Historical perspective

    Concept

    Conversion technologies

    Status

    Conclusions

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    THE Algae
    organisms that do not share common phylogenetic

    origin, prokaryotic and eukaryotic


    From picoplankton (0.22m) to giant kelps 60m Estimated 1 to 10x10^6 species, mostly microalgae Aquatic, subaereal,

    Arthrospira plantensis- Spirulina Thalassiosira diatom

    planktonic and benthic


    50% of world O2 production Photosynthetic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic
    Macrocystis pyrifera- giant kelp

    Chlorella vulgaris

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    Algae fuels
    Oswald, Golueke, 50s-60s Berkley: biogas from algae WW treatment ponds Aquatic species program: 1978-1996, DOE, total funding 25 mil $; 3000 species isolated focus on H2 then switched to oil
    Chlamydomonas rheinhardii

    Lipid vesicles

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    Navicula diatom

    Algae: oil superbugs


    Better alternative to terrestrial biofuel crops:
    Use only light, CO2 (183t:100t biomass), water Can produce >20 times more oil/ha than terrestrial oilseed crops Grow on saltwater/wastewater Grow all year round No need pesticides No need arable land Biorefinery approach: e.g. protein

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    Microalgae cultivation: open pond


    Key issues: +cheapest
    -light penetration: big area -low productivity ~0.5g/L -contamination -evaporation!
    Paddle wheel

    Park et al. 2010. Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production Bioresource Technology 102: 3542

    Microalgae cultivation: closed photobioreactor


    +~2-5 kg/m3 biomass -capital costs -energy costs: mechanical/ airlift

    pumps move liquid


    -upscaling limitations: O2 accumulation
    Tubular
    Flat panel (Proviron BE)

    Photoinhibition

    Cooling!!!

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    Algae photosynthetic efficiency: theo. max 9%

    quenching

    Light saturation: 200-400mol/m2*s 2000mol/m2*s available

    Shading

    reflection

    PAR 400-700nm
    Advanced Energy Conversion 8

    From biomass to fuel: downstream processing


    Algae pond
    2-200m diameter Z: -5 to-40mV ~ H2O
    0,05%DW +alcohol

    BIODIESEL

    Dewatering: Flocculation, Centrifugation

    Polyelectrolyte

    el

    16%DW: pumping!

    Drying
    85%DW

    Q!!!

    Residual biomass: feed, fertilizer, en?

    Cell disruption, lipid recovery

    solvent

    el
    Advanced Energy Conversion
    9

    Calculation scenario: dry route

    Xu et al. 2011. Assessment of a dry and a wet route for the production of biofuels from microalgae: Energy balance analysis. Bioresource Technology, 102: 51135122

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    10

    Results: fossil energy ratio

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    11

    Wet route: Supercritical gasification

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    12

    Value pyramid

    Current level

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    13

    First algae fuel rides

    Solazyme: - heterotrophic engineered top secret organism - Work with Chevron - 80,000 liters of algal-derived marine diesel and jet fuel to the U.S. Navy: the world's largest delivery of 100% microbial-derived, non-ethanol biofuel.

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    14

    Conclusions
    Today commercial cultivation of algae: orders of magnitude below necessary to cover fuel requirements Price of algae fuels 1 order of magnitude too high Cheap cultivation technologies Current conversion technologies: plant crops New conversion technologies still in pilot testing phase Environmental impact unclear

    Biorefinery approach a MUST

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    15

    Advanced Energy Conversion

    16

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