GTCOMPROP

(Georgia Tech COMposite Material Member PROPerties calculator)

Structural Engineering Software for the Analysis of
Space Frame Structure Composed of Fiber Reinforced
Composite Materials
Presented by Gwang-seok Na

Advisors : Dr. Leroy Z. Emkin & Dr. Abdul Hamid Zureick
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
June 23, 2006
2
Introduction

Theories on Calculation of Anisotropic Space Frame Member
Stiffness Matrix

Software Implementation

Analysis Example

Overview
3
FRP composite materials have attractive characteristics for civil
engineering applications.

Motivation
( Courtesy of Creative Pultrusions Inc. )
High Strength to
Weight Ratio
Corrosion Resistance
Various Section
Profiles

Conventional structural analysis techniques possess limitations
in their ability to accurately analyze space frame structure
composed anisotropic members.
A new pioneering technology has been developed and used in
aerospace industry, but not civil industry because of its
complexity.
4
Develop analysis methodology, which can be used for civil
engineering frame structure, based on Variational Asymptotic
Beam Sectional Analysis Method.

Implement user-friendly engineering software that can fully
utilize the developed analysis methodology.


Objective
5
FRP Composite Materials An Analogy
Reinforced Concrete (RC) Materials Fiber Reinforced Polymeric (FRP)
Composite materials
Matrix Concrete Reinforcing Bars Reinforcing Fibers
Cement
Aggregate, Sand
and Additives
Resin Filler and Additives
6
FRP Composite Materials
Reinforcement Systems (Fibers) [ Analogous to Reinforcing Bars in RC]
Provide main strength and stiffness in a fiber direction
Materials : Glass / Carbon (graphite) / Aramid (Kevler

) / Boron
Several fiber arrangement configuration is possible





Matrix [Analogous to Concrete in RC]
Transfer stress, protect fiber
Composed of resins and fillers
Resin [Analogous to Cement in RC] : Polyester / Vinylester / Epoxy
Filler [Analogous to Aggregate in RC] : Calcium Carbonate, Kaolin clay
Additives : Colorant Etc.

7
Roving-reinforced layers
1 directional oriented fibers
Micromechanics models :
Chamis model (1984)
Halpin-Tsai(1968)


Continuous Strand Mat
(CSM) - reinforced layers
Randomly oriented fibers
Micromechanics model :
Tsai-Pagano model (1968)
Christensen model (1972)

( Courtesy of Owens Corning Inc. )
FRP Composite Materials
( Courtesy of Owens Corning Inc. )
8
A components (e.g., web or flange) of cross-section can be
made with multiple-layers
CSM

Roving

CSM

Roving

CSM

Roving

CSM

FRP Composite Materials
9
Introduction

Theories on Calculation of Anisotropic Space Frame
Member Stiffness Matrix

Software Implementation

Analysis Example

Overview
10
Rovingreinforced layers
1 directional oriented fibers
Micromechanics model :
Chamis model (1984)
Halpin-Tsai(1968)


Continuous Strand Mat (CSM) reinforced layers
Randomly oriented fibers
Micromechanics model :
Tsai-Pagano model (1968)
Christensen model (1972)


Effective Material properties Composite Layers
11
Chamis model (1984) for Roving-reinforced layers
E
11
: Effective longitudinal
Modulus
E
22
, E
33
: Effective
Transverse Moduli in
axes 2 , 3
G
12
, G
13

, G
23
: Effective
Shear Moduli in plane
1-2,1-3, 2-3

12
,
13
,

23
: Effective
Poissons ratio in
plane 1-2, 1-3, 2-3
v
f
: Volume fraction of Fiber
v
m
: Volume fraction of Matrix



m f 11
v v
m f
E E E + =
|
|
.
|

\
|

= =
f
m
m
E
E
E
E E
1 v 1
f
33 22
1
2
23
22
23
=
G
E
v
|
|
.
|

\
|

= = =
f
m
m
G
G
G
G G G
1 v 1
f
23 13 12
m f 13 12
v v
m f
v v v v + = =
E
m ,
G
m ,

m
: Elastic Properties of Matrix
E
f ,
G
f ,

f
: Elastic Properties of Fiber

1
2 3
Effective Material properties - Composite Layers
12
Rovingreinforced layers
1 directional oriented fibers
Micromechanics models :
Chamis model (1984)
Halpin-Tsai(1968)


Continuous Strand Mat (CSM) reinforced layers
Randomly oriented fibers
Micromechanics model :
Tsai-Pagano model (1968)
Christensen model (1972)


Effective Material properties - Composite Layers
13
Tsai-Pagano model (1968) for CSM-reinforced layers

E : Effective Youngs modulus
G

: Effective Shear modulus

: Effective Poissons ratio
E
m
: Matrix modulus
E
f
: Fiber modulus
E
*
11
, E
*
22
: Fictitious Longitudinal modulus and Transverse modulus by
Chamis model or Halpin-Tsai model

*
22
*
11
8
5
8
3
E E E + =
*
22
*
11
4
1
8
1
E E G + =
1
2
=
G
E
v
m f
*
11
v v
m f
E E E + =
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
f
m
m
E
E
E
E
1 v 1
f
*
22
v
f
: Volume fraction of Fiber
v
m
: Volume fraction of Matrix
Effective Material properties - Composite Layers
m
T
T
E E
f
f *
22
v 1
v 2 1
q
q

+
=
, ,
,
,
14
x
s
n
3
1
2
Layers
The thickness of a flange or web
xt
Effective Material properties Components of Cross-Sections
Lamination Theory - Homogenization
15
Effective Material properties Components of Cross-Sections
Sun & Li 3D Lamination Method (1988)

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
66 36 26 16
55 45
45 44
36 33 23 13
26 23 22 12
16 13 12 11
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
C C C C
C C
C C
C C C C
C C C C
C C C C
C
( )( )

= =

+ =
N
2
) (
33
) (
13
) 1 (
13 13
) (
13
N
1
) (
11 11
v v
k
k
k k
k
k
k
k
C
C C C C
C C
( )( )

= =

+ =
N
2
) (
33
) (
23
) 1 (
23 13
) (
13
N
1
) (
12 12
v v
k
k
k k
k
k
k
k
C
C C C C
C C
( )( )

= =

+ =
N
2
) (
33
) (
36
) 1 (
36 13
) (
13
N
1
) (
16 16
v v
k
k
k k
k
k
k
k
C
C C C C
C C
( )( )

= =

+ =
N
2
) (
33
) (
23
) 1 (
23 23
) (
23
N
1
) (
22 22
v v
k
k
k k
k
k
k
k
C
C C C C
C C
( )( )

= =

+ =
N
2
) (
33
) (
36
) 1 (
36 23
) (
23
N
1
) (
26 26
v v
k
k
k k
k
k
k
k
C
C C C C
C C
( )( )

= =

+ =
N
2
) (
33
) (
36
) 1 (
36 36
) (
36
N
1
) (
66 66
v v
k
k
k k
k
k
k
k
C
C C C C
C C
1
= C S
11
1
S
E
x
=
22
1
S
E
s
=
33
1
S
E
n
=
66
1
S
G
xs
=
44
1
S
G
sn
=
55
1
S
G
xs
=
11
21
S
S
xs
= v
22
23
S
S
sn
= v
11
31
S
S
xn
= v
Effective Elastic Properties
16
Anisotropic Member Stiffness Sectional Analysis
X
2

X
3

X
1

X
2

X
3

X
1

Start-end
End-end
3D FINITE ELEMENTS MODEL
2D SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
1D SPACE FRAME STRUCTURAL MEMBER
SECTIONAL STIFFNESS
MEMBER STIFFNESS
Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis (VABS) Method
(Developed by Dr. Hodges of Aerospace Eng. at Georgia Tech., 1994 under Gov. Fund.)
17
Introduction

Theories on Calculation of Anisotropic Space Frame Member
Stiffness Matrix

Software Implementation

Analysis Example

Overview
18
Software Implementation GTCOMPROP Main window
19
FIBER

FIBER

Software Implementation Fiber Material Properties Database
20
MATRIX

MATRIX

Software Implementation Matrix Material Properties Database
21
Software Implementation Effective Engineering Properties of
Single Layer Calculation
22
LAYER #1 (CSM)

LAYER #2 (ROVING)

:
:

Software Implementation Effective Engineering Properties
Calculation of Multi-Layered Components of Cross-Section
DOUBLE ANGLE
CHANNEL
CIRCULAR
RECTANGLE
T SHAPE
I SHAPE
L SHAPE
Software Implementation Section Shapes (1/2)
AASHTO BEAMS
Sections for Isotropic Materials
Sections for Anisotropic or Isotropic Materials (1/2)
N-SIDES
HOLLOW TUBE
DOUBLE WEB BOX
RECTANGULAR CELL
BOX
TRIANGULAR CELL
BOX
BRIDGE DECK
Software Implementation Section Shapes (2/2)
BOX TUBE
CIRCULAR TUBE
Sections for Anisotropic or Isotropic Materials (2/2)
25
Software Implementation Section Generation
26
Software Implementation Member Stiffness Calculations
Anisotropic Materials
Software Implementation Section Properties Calculations
I sotropic Materials
Centroidal Location
Principal Axis Orientation
Cross Sectional Area
Principal Axis Shear Areas
Principal Axis Moments of Inertia
Torsion Constant
Warping Constant
Shear Center Location
Member Natural Stiffness Matrix
28
Introduction

Theories on Calculation of Anisotropic Space Frame Member
Stiffness Matrix

Software Implementation

Analysis Example

Overview
29
Analysis Example Geometry of Sample Structure
X
Y
Z
XXXX
XXXX
18.000 FT
XXXX
XXXX
30.000 FT
XXXX
XXXX
33.000 FT
30
Analysis Example Wind-Loadings on Sample Structure
X
Y
Z
IND LOAD WL
-2.80
o
-11.00
o
-4.20
o
-16.50
o
-2.80
o
-11.00
o
-3.00
o
-11.50
o
-4.50
o
-17.25
o
-3.00
o
-11.50
o
-3.00
o
-12.50
o
-4.50
o
-18.75
o
-3.00
o
-12.50
o
-5.50
o
-12.00
o
-8.25
o
-18.00
o
-5.50
o
-12.00
o
31
X
Y
Z
Analysis Example Anisotropic Material Member Section Profiles
GIRDER
B = 12, D = 30, tw=tf=1.0
COLUMN
B = 20, D = 20,
tw=tf=1.0
STRUCTUR-1
32
X
Y
Z
Analysis Example Anisotropic Material Member Section Profiles
BRACINGS
B = 6, D = 6, tw=tf=1.0
STRUCTUR-2
33
E (ksi) G (ksi) v
E-glass Fiber 10,500 4,375 0.2
Polyester Matrix 573 210 0.36
Nominal Elastic Properties of Composite Constituents
CSM ( 10 oz/yd
2
)
Roving ( 37.2 oz/yd
2
)
2-CSM (10 oz/yd
2
)
Roving ( 37.2 oz/yd
2
)
2-CSM ( 10oz/yd
2
)
Roving ( 37.2 oz/yd
2
)
CSM ( 10oz/yd
2
)
Analysis Example Effective Engineering Material Properties
E
x
= 2,822 ksi
E
s
= 1,896 ksi
G
xs
= 640 ksi
v
xs
= 0.39
Volume Fractions
v
fiber
= 35.3 %
v
matrix
= 63.0 %
v
void
= 1.7 %
34
Analysis Example Effective Engineering Material Properties
35
Analysis Example Effective Engineering Material Properties
36
Analysis Example Section Generation
37
Analysis Example Section Generation
38
Analysis Example Section Generation
39
Analysis Example Anisotropic Material Member Stiffness Results I nput
:
:
:
:
$ -----------------------------------
$ Space frame member KBB 6x6 matrix
$ Shape: W-SECTION
$ Description : GIRDER D=30 B=12 TF=1.0 TW=1.0 LENGTH = 11 FT
$ Units: INCHES LBS RADIANS
$ Member length: 132.000000 in
$ -----------------------------------

UNIT INCHES LBS RADIANS

MEMBER PROPERTIES
40 41 42 43 44 45 -
46 47 48 49 50 51 -
52 53 93 94 95 96 -
STIFFNESS MATRIX COLUMN 1 2 3 4 5 6
ROW 1 6.587e+005 0.000e+000 6.541e-014 5.204e-017 -1.820e+002 4.114e+003
ROW 2 0.000e+000 3.207e+004 3.095e-002 -1.336e+001 2.043e+000 -2.116e+006
ROW 3 6.585e-014 3.095e-002 2.776e+003 -6.833e-001 1.832e+005 -2.043e+000
ROW 4 5.031e-017 -1.336e+001 -6.833e-001 4.442e+004 -4.510e+001 8.819e+002
ROW 5 -1.820e+002 2.043e+000 1.832e+005 -4.510e+001 1.624e+007 -2.632e+002
ROW 6 4.114e+003 -2.116e+006 -2.043e+000 8.819e+002 -2.632e+002 2.347e+008
:
:
:
:

40
Analysis Example Analysis Results ( NoBracings )
X
Y
Z
Displacements at Joints
Load WL
INCH
XX
64
X -4.251E+00
Y -2.375E-02
Z 5.658E-03
XX
71
X -4.253E+00
Y -2.364E-02
Z 2.097E-06
41
Analysis Example Analysis Results ( Bracings )
X
Y
Z
Displacements at Joints
Load WL
INCH
XX
71
X -1.189E+00
Y -6.445E-03
Z -1.460E-03
XX
64
X -1.185E+00
Y -5.947E-03
Z -6.041E-03
42
Summary of Current State of Research
Completed the implementation of a highly rigorous
procedure for the member stiffness matrix for
Anisotropic composite structural members
Completed incorporation of advanced anisotropic
member stiffness calculation features with GT-
STRUDL.
Thank you




Questions ?