DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST ABOVE AND BELOW KNEE PROSTHESIS

GUIDED BY DR.K.CHOCKALINGAM

PRESENTED BY J.GOKULAKRISHNAN(08G20) N.MUTHU MANICKAM(08G56)

INTRODUCTION
The development of different human organ is
need in medical field particularly in prosthesis. Artificial limb is a type of prosthesis that replaces the missing extremity such as legs or arms. The type of artificial limb depend upon the type of amputation. India has very large population of above and below limb amputees.

Trauma

LEVEL OF AMPUTATION

Others Cold injury Railway accident Road traffic accidents Splinter injury Gun shot wound Mine blast injury

921 1481 1216

3389
901 1526 6421

upper limb
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

lower limb
Number of patients

both

SURVEY OF PATIENTS AFFECTED BY TRAUMA FOR THE PAST 12 YEARS

TERMINOLOGIES USED
PROSTHESIS:
It is an artificial extension of replacing a missing body part A Prosthetist is a person who treats amputated persons.

AMPUTATION:
Amputation is the removal of body parts due to trauma or surgery The person who undergo Amputation are called Amputees.

ARTIFICIAL LIMBS:
An Artificial limb is a type of prosthesis that replaces a missing part such as arms or legs.

EXOSKELETON TYPE:
It is a type of prosthetic limb in which the limb is seen as a whole assembly along with the leg It doesnt contain any connections between limb and leg

ENDOSKELETON TYPE:
It is a type of prosthesis in which the leg is fitted to the limb by means of a pipe There is no direct contact between limb and leg It is a costly one

Exoskeleton type

Endoskeleton type

STUMP:
For accurate fitness of stump with prosthetic limb, the stump should have the following properties, Shape Muscle strength or muscle tone Sensory impairment Full range of motion of parts above the knee Proper mating with the socket

OBJECTIVE OF OUR PROJECT:

Designing the limb in such a way that, it should suit

for shrinkage of muscles around stump

Use of a special type of Knee joint instead of Knee

lock in above knee prosthesis

Reducing the time of prosthetic manufacturing by

using a design a special die arrangement which suits for all type of below knee prosthesis

PROCESS FLOW

ORANIZATIONS VISITED

Artificial Limb Research Center (ALRC),Dindigul. Mercury Orthotics ,Madurai. Dr. RAJAMANI and Dr. PRABAKARAN , Orthotist to
get information regarding problems in current scenario.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION SURVEY SHEET

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND CORRECTIONS

PROBLEMS REASON EXISTING METHODOLOGY POOR SOCKET FIT MANUAL MEASUREMENT TRIAL AND ERROR PROPOSED METHODOLOGY USING 3D LASER SCANNER EXPECTED OUTCOME COMFORT FIT

METHOD

SHRINKAGE OF MUSCLES

AGEING

NOT CONSIDERED

USE CUSHIONING MATERIALS AROUND

OF

REDUCING PUMPING ACTION

LEFT-

OVER STUMP IMPROPER LOAD DISTRIBUTI ON POOR DESIGN SOCKET NOT CONSIDERED DESIGN MODIFICATION BY CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF FORCES EVEN DISTRIBUTI ON OF LOAD

SHORTAGE OF LIMBS IN CHILDREN

GROWTH

NOT CONSIDERED

USE FASTENERS

OF

USE

OF

PROSTHETIC LIMBS FOR

LONG TIME WITHOUT CHANGING SHRINKAGE OF LIMBS IN ADULT WEAKNESS OF NOT CONSIDERED COMBINED AND SKELETAL PROSTHETIC LIMBS MOTION OF PROSTHETIC LIMBS IN KNEE LOCK DIFFERENT SYSTEM LOCK HYBRID PROSTHESIS EXO ENDOINCREASING LIFETIME OF PROSTHETIC LIMBS INCREASE IN COMFORTNESS DURING WALKING

LIMB MUSCLES

ABOVE KNEE PROSTHESIS

PROPOSED DESIGN FOR RESIDUAL LIMB

MODELLED USING SOLIDWORKS

CROSS SECTION OF EXISTING ARTIFICIAL LIMB

CROSS SECTION OF PROPOSED DESIGN

FEASIBILITY OF PROPOSED DESIGN Theoretically the design is correct according to prosthetist But practically the design have some problems

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS Increase in weight upto 400grams which is practically not advisable for patients. If there exists any problem in endoskeleton the entire limb has to be modified Fitting of endoskeleton depend upon exoskeleton shape

PROPOSAL FOR ABOVE KNEE PROSTHESIS

PROBLEMS IN ABOVE KNEE PROSTHESIS Using button type lock system to bend and straighten the knee while using it . It is practically difficult for patients to use while walking and doing their regular work .

SOLUTION FOR PROBLEM

Use of HYBRID PROSTHESIS provides the solution for the above problem. Providing KNEE JOINT in exoskeletal type limb It is cheaper and cost effective

REDUCING THE TIME OF MANUFACTURING OF PROSTHETIC LIMBS:

Normally it takes more than a day to design the residual limb using POP mold method In order to reduce the time of manufacturing we need to go for an alternate method The alternate can be made by the use of special dies. The die must be designed in such a way that, the extruded part from the die should be in the same form as that of the residual limb. This reduces the time of making the limb in relative to POP method because once the die is prepared it can be used for various shapes of the prosthetic limb

COST ANALYSIS
Roughly the cost estimated for our design on consultation with prosthetist are as follows. Below knee prosthesis - Rs 2500 Above knee prosthesis with hybrid joint Rs 4500 The cost of the prosthetic models made by conventional techniques are as follows. Below knee prosthesis Rs 1750 Above knee prosthesis with knee joint Rs 6000

GAIT ANALYSIS AND ITS PHASES:

Gait analysis is the systematic study of animal locomotion, more specific as a study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles

Stance Phase
Initial Contact Loading Response Mid Stance Terminal Stance Preswing

Swing Phase
Initial Swing Mid Swing Terminal Swing

FUTURE WORKS
FABRICATING THE PROPOSED DESIGN MAKING GAIT ANALYSIS

REFERENCES
The Jaipur Below Knee Prosthesis Fabrication Manual. Disabled Persons in India, National Sample Survey Organisation Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Government of India. www.footeducation.com/below-knee-prosthesis www.thelondonprosthetics.com/patienteducation/prosthetic-problems.asp

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