ME 0208 Machines and Mechanisms II

ME 0208 Machines and Mechanisms Unit II ADVANCED MECHANISMS AND CAMS
II Year III Sem Department of Mechanical Engineering

SRM UNIVERSITY
PANTOGRAPH
A pantograph is an instrument used to reproduce to an enlarged or reduced scale and as exactly as possible the path described by a given point.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Pantograph in rail
A pantograph (or "pan") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train or tram to collect power through contact with an overhead wire.
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Steering Gear Mechanism

The steering gear mechanism is used for changing the direction of two or more of the wheel axles with reference to the chassis, so as to move the automobile in any desired path.
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In order to avoid skidding, the two front wheels must turn about the same instantaneous center I which lies in the axis of the back wheels.
Davis Steering gear Ackerman steering gear
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Hooke's joint
It is used to connect two non-parallel & intersecting axes shafts, having small angle between two axes.
Single Hooke's joint Double Hooke's joint
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Applications
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Double Hooke's joint
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Cams and followers

A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element known as follower. The cam and follower have a line contact and constitute a higher pair.
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Types of radial and disk cams

Pear Circular Drop
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Swash Cam
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Classification of CAMS
Radial or Disc Cam In radial cams, the follower reciprocates or oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the cam axis.
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Cylindrical Cam
In cylindrical cams, the followers reciprocates or oscillates in a direction parallel to the cam axis.
Cylindrical cam with reciprocating follower
Cylindrical cam with oscillating follower
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Classification of Followers
According to the surface in contact. According to the motion of the follower.
According to the path of motion of the follower.
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According to the surface in contact. 1.Knife edge follower
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2. Roller follower
3. Flat faced or Mushroom follower
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4. Spherical faced follower
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According to the motion of the follower. 1. Reciprocating or translating follower.
2. Oscillating or rotating follower.
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According to the path of motion of the follower 1. Radial follower
2.Off-set follower
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Application of CAM
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Terms Used in Radial Cams

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Base circle Trace point Pressure angle Pitch point Pitch circle Pitch curve Prime circle Lift or Stroke
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Base Circle It is the smallest circle that can be drawn to the cam profile
Cam profile Cam shaft
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Pitch curve
It is the curve generated by the trace point as the follower moves relative to the cam. For a knife edge follower, the pitch curve and the cam profile are same whereas for a roller follower, they are separated by the radius of the roller.
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Pressure angle
It is the angle between the direction of the follower movement and a normal to the pitch curve. This angle is very important in designing a cam profile. If the pressure angle is too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its bearing.
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Pitch point It is point on the pitch curve having the maximum pressure angle
Pitch circle it is a circle drawn from the center of the cam through the pitch points.
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Prime circle It is the smallest circle that can be drawn from the center of the cam and tangent to the pitch curve.
For a knife edge and flat face follower, the prime circle and the base circle are identical. For a roller follower the prime circle is larger than the base circle by the radius of the roller
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Lift of the stroke It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lower position to the topmost position
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Motion of the follower 1. Uniform velocity 2. Simple harmonic motion 3. Uniform acceleration and retardation 4. Cycloidal motion.
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Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram when the follower moves with uniform velocity
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Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram when the follower moves with SHM
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Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram when the follower moves with uniform acceleration and retardation
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Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram when the follower moves with cycloidal motion
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Steering Gear Mechanism
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Davis Steering gear
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Ackerman steering gear
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ME 0208 Machines and Mechanisms II

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ME 0208 Machines and Mechanisms Unit II ADVANCED MECHANISMS AND CAMS

II Year III Sem Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Steering Gear Mechanism

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Davis Steering gear Ackerman steering gear

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Single Hooke's joint Double Hooke's joint

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Double Hooke's joint

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Cams and followers

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Types of radial and disk cams

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Cylindrical cam with reciprocating follower

Cylindrical cam with oscillating follower

Department of Mechanical Engineering

According to the path of motion of the follower.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

According to the surface in contact. 1.Knife edge follower

Department of Mechanical Engineering

3. Flat faced or Mushroom follower

Department of Mechanical Engineering

4. Spherical faced follower

Department of Mechanical Engineering

According to the motion of the follower. 1. Reciprocating or translating follower.

2. Oscillating or rotating follower.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

According to the path of motion of the follower 1. Radial follower

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Terms Used in Radial Cams

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Steering Gear Mechanism

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Davis Steering gear

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering