Biology

The Endocrine system

The endocrine system

Have ductless glands, endocrine glands, which secrete hormones into the bloodstream The certain organs that the hormones reach are called as target organs. Responses of body to hormones are slow Excess of hormone production illness

The endocrine glands

Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas Reproductive organs Pituitary gland

The endocrine glands

Thyroid gland
situated in front of neck in front of windpipe produces thyroxine (made from iodine and amino acid) Effects metabolic rate Controls level of activity Promotes normal skeleton growth Essential for normal development of the brain

The endocrine glands

Adrenal glands
attached to back of abdominal cavity, above
kidneys outer layer adrenal cortex inner zone adrenal medulla produces hormones: Adrenaline - Adrenaline on the body causes a
rise in body glucose and it increases heart rate. It also constricts the blood vessels, dilates air passages and also participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system of the body. Epinephrine is another name for adrenaline.

Corticosteroids - are a class of chemicals that

includes steroid hormones naturally produced in the adrenal cortex. Control metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, salts and water

The endocrine glands

also a digestive gland the hormone producing cells are arranged in islets hormones produced:
Glucagon - comes into the scene when sugar level in blood becomes low Insulin comes into the scene when sugar level in blood becomes high

Pancreas

The endocrine glands

IN FEMALES: Oestrogen Progesterone IN MALES: Testosterone

Reproductive organs

The endocrine glands

Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland hence it produces hormones. Hormones it produces: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on kidneys; regulates water reabsorption in kidney tubules Growth hormone affects growth rate of whole body Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) reaches ovaries and makes one of the follicles start to mature and to produce oestrogen Luteinizing hormone (LH) together with FSH, induces ovulation Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - acts on thyroid gland; makes it produce thyroxine

Fate of hormones

Spent hormones hormones

Excreted by kidneys

Spent hormones are converted to inactive substances by the liver

Homeostasis and negative feedback

brain folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)
pituitary gland oestrogen
A follicle is a group of cells enclosing an ovum (egg cell). The follicle enlarges, and protrudes from the surface of the ovary before bursting and releasing its ovum

ovary

oestrogen

uterus