Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Textile Engineering Difinition Classification of Fibers The Characteristic of Natural and Manmade Fibers Properties of Textile Fibers Yarn Numbering Systems Yarn Formation (Fiber to Yarns) Fabric Formation (Fabric Constractions) Finishing Processes Dyeing (Finishing with Color)
References
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Anonim,1997., Profile of The Textile Industry, Washington,DC.USA Corbman,1995.,Textiles Fiber to Fabric,McGraw-Hill,Los Angeles,USA Lloyd.H.Jackson,1990.,Yarn and Cloth Calculations, New York. Subagyo. A.(2003). Manufaktur Benang dengan Sistem Rotor. Graha Ilmu. Jogyakarta. Robert R Franck,2005.,Bast and other plant fibers,Woodhed Publishing Limited,England.
Textile Engineering is concerned with specific knowledge of textiles in the designing, improving, and utilizing of systems of people, textile materials, information,equipments, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences, together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems.
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13 40 60 126
5 17 20 40
78 12 64 86 51 31 - 14
10 15 30 50
12 14 16 20
Tensile strength in kg/mm Moisture regain in % Chemical Composition in % Cellulose Lignin Hemicellulose,pectin and others
95 12 72 97 10 27 -3
83 12 67 68 64 27 - 18
45 8 88 96 0 12 - 4
Property
Regidity(torsonial) Resistance to bending
Relative Amount
High High
Plasticity Extensibility
Low Low
High molecular interaction Good molecular and crystallite High degree of polymerization
Constituents Cellulose Protein Pectic substances Ash Wax Malic,citric and other Total sugars/honey due Other
Texturizing
Yarn Formatio n
Fabric Formatio n
Knitting (merajut)
Wet Processin g
Fabricatio n
Physical Properties of Natural Fibers, namely: Fiber length average between 20 mm 38 mm (cotton) Fineness(kehalusan) average between 3,5 4.0 micron Tensile(elastisitas) strength between 45kg/mm Moisture(kelembapan) regain average 8 % Diameter average 12 14 micron
The textile industry includes the production of yarn(benang), fabric(kain tenun) and finish good. The following for production stages namely: The textile industry includes the production of yarn, fabric and finish good. The following four production stages namely: 1. Yarn formation => spun yarns and filament yarns 2. Fabric formation=>Woven ; Non-woven;Knitting 3. Wet processing=>Finishing ;Dyeing, Printing 4. Fabrication=> Garment or Finish Good
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Manmade
Texturizing
Manmade
Natural fiber
Cleaning
Carding
Combing Drawing
Roving
Sinning
Fabric formation 11
Processing Functions
Blowing opening,cleaning,separiting,mixing. Carding individualized for straightening and cleaning,remove contamination like impurities Combing the removal of short fibers and straightened hooked fiber Drawing fiber straightened by drafting and doebling Roving drafting,twisting and winding Spinning drafting, twisting and winding
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The short fiber calculator predicts the short fiber content given a bale,upper half mean length, uniformity index,micronaire,and strength/Tenacity The regession equation is as follow: Short fiber cont,%(by weight) = SFC(%w) = C-(13.255xUHML)(0.573xUI)-(1.255xmic)-(0.117xStrength) Where: UHML = fiber upper half mean length in inches UI = Fiber length uniformity index in percent mic = cotton micronaire value Strength(tenacity) = fiber strength in grams/tex and The value of C depend on growth region are;79.007;77.802;79.012; and 77.802.
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To estimate the amount of removal use the following formula: Waste needed,%= (average%trash in bale)x(%trash to be removed) average%trash in waste PERCENT RUN TIME AND THROUGHPUT RATE To determine the run time, net throughput rate as follow: Machine run time,%= total time machine processes stock x 100% total time of test Net throughput rate = total weight of stock processed total time of observation
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For calculating cleaning efficiency are as follows: Cleaning Eff.= %trash in stock fed-%trash in stock delivered x 100% % trash in stock fed Or Cleaning Eff. = % waste removed x % trash in waste % trash in stock fed Waste removed = weight of waste removed x 100% weight of stock fed
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Percent Nep and Short Fiber Content Change To calculation percent Nep use formula: Nep cont.change,%= nep cont.indelivered stocknep cont.in fed stock x 100 % nep content in fed stock Short Fiber Change (SFC) Determining the amount of change in short fiber content:
SFC change,%=(%SFC in delivered stock)-(%SFC in fed stock) x 100% % SFC in fed stock
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Draft Calculation
There are three common ways to calculate the draft at a process. Draft = Weight per unit length fed ( Actual draft) Weight per unit length delivered Draft = Length unit weight delivered Length per unit weight fed (Actual draft)
Draft = Surface speed of deliverery rolls (Machine draft) Surface speed of feed rolls
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Fabric Forming Preparation Processes Warp Yarn =>Warping Processes, consist of single yarn to be beam forming Weft Yarn =>Cone Yarn For Jet Loom; Rappier or Pirn Yarn with satlle Kind of weaving processes namely: Ordinary loom ; Jet Loom consist of water jet loom and air jet loom. Another type of loom machine; Rappier
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Ramie bast Kenaf bast Coco shell Sisal leaf Banana bast Pineapple leaf E- Glass
Kenaf
Hemp
Coconut 10/30/13
NFC-Jamasri
Sisal
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Tanaman Ramie
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