Python 1

CSC 9010: Natural Language Processing
Python Intro
Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt
This presentation taken partly from:

Introduction to Python I
CSE-391: Artificial Intelligence University of Pennsylvania Matt Huenerfauth January 2004
What is Python?
A programming language with strong similarities to PERL, but with powerful typing and object oriented features.
Commonly used for producing HTML content on websites. Great for text files. Useful built-in types (lists, dictionaries). Clean syntax, powerful extensions.
Why Python?
Natural Language ToolKit Ease of use; interpreter AI Processing: Symbolic
Pythons built-in datatypes for strings, lists, and more. Java or C++ require the use of special classes for this.
AI Processing: Statistical
Python has strong numeric processing capabilities: matrix operations, etc. Suitable for probability and machine learning code.
Learning Python
Unfortunately, we wont have time to cover all of Python in class; so, were just going to go over ome highlights.
Youll need to learn more on your own. Homework 0 asks you to install Python or get comfortable using it here in the lab. It also asks you to read some online Python tutorials. Later homeworks will include Python programming exercises to help you practice. We will fairly rapidly move to using the Natural Language ToolKit.
Python Tutorials
Things to read through Dive into Python (Chapters 2 to 4)
http://diveintopython.org/
Python 101 Beginning Python

http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman/python_101/python_101.html
Things to refer to The Official Python Tutorial

http://www.python.org/doc/current/tut/tut.html
The Python Quick Reference

http://rgruet.free.fr/PQR2.3.html
Installing Python
Python is installed on the PCs in 156. Python for Win/Mac/Unix/Linux is available from www.python.org.
Generally an easy install. On macs, already part of OS X. For NLTK you need Python 2.3 or higher.
GUI development environment: IDLE.

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt Credits:
http://hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu/~dyoo/python/idle_intro/index.html
IDLE Development Environment

Shell for interactive evaluation. Text editor with color-coding and smart indenting for creating python files. Menu commands for changing system settings and running files. We will use IDLE in class.
Look at a sample of code

x = 34 - 23 # A comment. y = Hello # Another one. z = 3.45 if z == 3.45 or y == Hello: x = x + 1 y = y + World # String concat. print x print y

Enough to Understand the Code

Assignment uses = and comparison uses ==. For numbers +-*/% are as expected.
Special use of + for string concatenation. Special use of % for string formatting.
Logical operators are words (and, or, not) not symbols (&&, ||, !). The basic printing command is print. First assignment to a variable will create it.
Variable types dont need to be declared. Python figures out the variable types on its own.
Basic Datatypes
Integers (default for numbers)
z=5/2 # Answer is 2, integer division.
Floats
x = 3.456
Strings
Can use or to specify. abc abc (Same thing.) Unmatched ones can occur within the string. matts Use triple double-quotes for multi-line strings or strings than contain both and inside of them: abc
Whitespace
Whitespace is meaningful in Python: especially indentation and placement of newlines.
Use a newline to end a line of code. (Not a semicolon like in C++ or Java.) (Use \ when must go to next line prematurely.) No braces { } to mark blocks of code in Python Use consistent indentation instead. The first line with a new indentation is considered outside of the block. Often a colon appears at the start of a new block. (Well see this later for function and class definitions.)
Comments
Start comments with # the rest of line is ignored. Can include a documentation string as the first line of any new function or class that you define. The development environment, debugger, and other tools use it: its good style to include one.
def my_function(x, y): This is the docstring. This function does blah blah blah. # The code would go here...

Python and Types

Python determines the data types in a program automatically.
Dynamic Typing
But Pythons not casual about types, it enforces them after it figures them out. Strong Typing So, for example, you cant just append an integer to a string. You must first convert the integer to a string itself.
x = the answer is # Decides x is string. y = 23 # Decides y is integer. print x + y # Python will complain about this.
Naming Rules
Names are case sensitive and cannot start with a number. They can contain letters, numbers, and underscores.
bob Bob _bob _2_bob_ bob_2 BoB
There are some reserved words:

and, assert, break, class, continue, def, del, elif, else, except, exec, finally, for, from, global, if, import, in, is, lambda, not, or, pass, print, raise, return, try, while
Accessing Non-existent Name

If you try to access a name before its been properly created (by placing it on the left side of an assignment), youll get an error.
>>> y
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in -toplevely NameError: name y' is not defined >>> y = 3 >>> y 3
Multiple Assignment
You can also assign to multiple names at the same time.
>>> x, y = 2, 3 >>> x 2 >>> y 3
String Operations
We can use some methods built-in to the string data type to perform some formatting operations on strings:
>>> hello.upper() HELLO
There are many other handy string operations available. Check the Python documentation for more.
Printing with Python

You can print a string to the screen using print. Using the % string operator in combination with the print command, we can format our output text.
>>> print %s xyz %d abc xyz 34 % (abc, 34)
Print automatically adds a newline to the end of the string. If you include a list of strings, it will concatenate them with a space between them.
>>> print abc abc >>> print abc, def abc def
Hands On
Okay, lets try it. www.python.org/doc/current/tut/tut.html Or on these PCs under Documentation. First two sections you should read. For now: Start tonight with Section 3, An Informal Introduction to Python, and work through the examples given.
A. INSTALLING AND RUNNING PYTHON You can use Python on your own computer or in this lab. If you want to work on your own system, install Python from www.python.org/download. If you want to work here, it's already installed for you. Start up the interactive Python editor (IDLE) and do the following "finger exercises" interactively: 1. Set a variable to the string "Hello" Set another variable to the string "World" Echo your two variables. 2. Add up the numbers 1 to 5 and output their sum. 3. Capture the output of your session and turn it in at the beginning of the next class. B. EXPLORING PYTHON Once you've carried out the above, try some additional things in Python. Work through the tutorial; or try something new. Make a note of anything that you have difficulty with or where Python didn't do what you expect. Also turn in a writeup of what you tried and what comments you have. (You may, but don't have to, turn in the output of your remaining explorations) This should be trivial to do; the only real goal of this task is to be sure that you have a working Python installation and can start and work with the interactive editor.
Assignment 1, due Jan 27

Python 1

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CSC 9010: Natural Language Processing

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

This presentation taken partly from:

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Python 101 Beginning Python

Things to refer to The Official Python Tutorial

The Python Quick Reference

GUI development environment: IDLE.

IDLE Development Environment

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Look at a sample of code

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Look at a sample of code

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Enough to Understand the Code

Look at a sample of code

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Python and Types

There are some reserved words:

Accessing Non-existent Name

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Printing with Python

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Based on presentation from www.cis.upenn.edu/~cse391/cse391_2004/PythonIntro1.ppt

Assignment 1, due Jan 27

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