MANVIR SINGH GILL 123613 M TECH(I&C)

OUTLINE
INSTRUMENTATION
AUTOMATION CONTROL SYTEM BLOCKS

FIELD SENSOR
JUNCTION BOX CONTROL HARDWARE (PLC) SCADA SYSTEM

WHAT IS INSTRUMENTATION?
IT IS A BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT DEALS IN: MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF PROCESS VARIABLES WITHIN A PRODUCTION OR MANUFACTURING AREAS. DESIGN, CALIBRATION AND INSTALLATION OF INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENTS. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND DATA ACQUASITION. SAFETY OF EQUIPMENT AND PERSON.

AUTOMATION
Automation is a step beyond mechanization. Automation is the use of control systems and

information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services

Automation Components
Sensor for sensing physical conditions Transmitters Control Systems Output Devices

BLOCK REPRESENTATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM

SCADA SOFTWARE

CONTROL HARDWARE

JUNCTION BOX

FIELD SENSORS

FIELD INSTRUMENATION
P&ID

RTD

FLOW METER

LEVEL SWITCH

VALVE

JUNCTION BLOCK
1. Power Supply 2. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) 3. Digital Input Cards 4. Digital Output Cards 5. Analog Input Cards 6. SSR 7. Circuit Breakers 8. Relay Switches 9. Operator Interface Terminal 10. Nema 12 Enclosure

CONTROL HARDWARE (PLC)

A PLC is a solid state / industrial computer that performs
discrete or sequential logic in a factory environment. It was originally developed to replace mechanical relays, timers, counters. A sequence of instructions is programmed by the user to the PLC memory. Its purpose is to monitor crucial process parameters and adjust process operations accordingly.

PLC APPLICATION
Counting Sequencing Arithmetic Data Handling On/Off Control Timing

ARCHITECTURE
Programming/ Communication Device I N P U T
The input module performs tasks electronically as:
Determines the presence or absence of input Converts input single to a DC level useable PLC Provides Electronic isolation B/w input signal & PLC

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

O U T P U T

Solenoids Relays - AC or DC powered Contactors Motor Starters Indication Lights Valves Alarms

Memory/ program data

POWER SUPPLY

PLC SCAN CYCLE

FACTS ABOUT SCAN CYCLE Scan Cycle Depends upon No of I/Os More I/Os More scan time Application Decides the Scan time of a PLC Scan time in normal applications is 1 ms to 2 ms & in bigger applications 100 ms to 200 ms

PLC PROGRAMMING
Ladder Diagram (LD)
Functional block Diagram (FBD) Structured Text (ST)

Instruction List (IL)

Sequential Functional Chart (SFC)

ADVANTAGES
PLC Saves Material cost Installation cost Troubleshooting Labor cost
By Reduced wiring & associated errors Less space No moving parts - rugged Possibility of reprogramming

VALUE ADDED BENIFITS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

SOME BRANDS OF PLC

Allen Bradley( USA) Siemens (Germany) Modicon (France) Mitshubishi (Japan) GE Fanuc (USA) Omron (Japan)

Reliability Flexibility Advanced Function Communication Speed Diagnostics

SCADA
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

SCADA
used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in

industries such as :-telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation
A PURPOSE OF SCADA SYSTEM Gathers information from Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and/or (PLCs), and the central host and the operator terminals(such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred). Transfers the information back to a central site, then alerts the home station that a leak has occurred carries out necessary analysis and control,

SCADA PANEL (OPERATOR ROOM)

BASIC SCADA FUNCTIONALITY Real time &historical trend Alarms Recipe Management Security Report Generation Logging, Archiving Device connectivity Data base connectivity

REFERENCES
Automating Manufacturing Systems with PLCs by

HUGH JACK Design and Implementation of PLC-Based Monitoring Control System by YASAR BIRBIR*, H.SELCUK NOGAY ,*Marmara University, Technical Education Faculty H. A. Barker, J. Song, A graphical simulation tool for programmable logic controllers, Discrete Event Dynamic Systems - A New Generation of Modelling, Simulation and Control Applications,IEE Colloquium on 9 Jun 1992 Page(s): 4/1 - 4/4

Questions ?