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Introduction Understanding of Creep & Shrinkage Code Development of Creep & Shrinkage Impact of Creep & Shrinkage on Post-Tensioned Bridges Conclusions
Definitions
Creep is time dependent deformations of concrete
Concrete mix proportion Cement properties Curing conditions Size and shape of members Environment Age at loading Stress level
Cement properties
Aggregate properties Curing conditions
coexist and occur together. The rate of both creep and shrinkage decrease with time. Theoretically the creep and shrinkage are considered diminished at 10,000 days (27 years) after construction. For practical purposes the ending time of 4,000 days (11 years) is also commonly used in creep and shrinkage calculations . Mathematically the non linear shape of creep and shrinkage has been assumed as hyperbolic, exponential or logarithmic.
Strain
Creep strain
Instantaneous strain
Time
TYPICAL CREEP TIMECURVE
Strain
Time
TYPICAL SHRINKAGE TIMECURVE
Strain
Total creep
t0
Time (t t0)
1500
-6
S tr a i n - 1 0
1000
Instantaneous recovery
500
Strain on application of load
50
100
150
200
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Introduction Understanding of Creep & Shrinkage Code Development of Creep & Shrinkage Impact of Creep & Shrinkage on Post-Tensioned Bridges Conclusions
el
=
cr
E28
where:
= creep strain
el
= elastic strain
= stress
2.57
2.22 2.00 1.70 1.44 1 .2 0 1 .0 7 1 .0 0 0 .9 6 0. 9 4
1.5
1.0 0.5 0 3 7 Days
0 .9 1
0.90
14 21 28 42 56
3 4 56 Months
9 1 1.5 2 Years
0.88 3
DURATION OF LOADING
q
Fixed Fixed
MI
L L
qL MI = 8
qL MII = 12
Cantilever Beam
el cr
(t 0 )
(t
Simple Beam
P P
Pef
cr
Pef
(t
el
(t 0 )
Post-Tensioned Beam
P
PT Tendon
el
(t0)
P
(t ) el (t0)
el
P ef
P ef
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Introduction Understanding of Creep & Shrinkage Code Development of Creep & Shrinkage Impact of Creep & Shrinkage on Post-Tensioned Bridges Conclusions
CEB-FIP 1970 Model Code CEB-FIP 1978 Model Code CEB-FIP 1990 Model Code FIB 2010 Draft Model Code ACI-209 BP3
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Introduction Understanding of Creep & Shrinkage Code Development of Creep & Shrinkage Impact of Creep & Shrinkage on Post-Tensioned Bridges Conclusions
There are two major impacts of creep and shrinkage on structural concrete
Deformations (simply supported and indeterminate
structures)
Redistribution of stresses / forces on indeterminate
Bearing
C L
Mid-span Hinge
In-span Hinge
C L
In-span Hinge
Expansion Joint
Bearing
Mid-Span Hinge
Deformation (cm)
2.5
S
In-Span Hinge
1.8%
5.0
7.5
C L PIER 9
STA. 68+16.59
0.46
C L PIER 8
STA. 65+74
C L PIER 9
0.35 STA. 68+16.59
C L PIER 8
STA. 65+74
Reference Line
Active Hinge
(proposed by Jean M. Muller)
Elastomeric Bearing
L L
@ TF creep
L
Point of rotation
V
Assuming 50% of the creep had been corrected camber during segment casting.
L
o available gap at 60F in 2010
0.05
0 -0.05 0 200 400 600 800
Abutment
Span 1
C L
Ideal/preferred position at T=
Incorrect position at T=
C L Bottom Pot
A
Support Axis
BAD
GOOD
SECTION A-A
BAD STRATEGY
GOOD STRATEGY
Introduction
Understanding of Creep & Shrinkage Code Development of Creep & Shrinkage
Bridges Conclusions
concrete design
3. Proper counter measures of long-term creep and
shrinkage effects
4. Implement simple structural details