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1.Introduction
Index
4. Incremental principle
5. Discounting principle 6.References
Economic theory offers a variety of concepts and analytical tools of considerable assistance but the most significant contribution of economics to managerial economics lies in certain principles which are to entire gamut of managerial economics. Economic principles assist in rational reasoning and defined thinking. They develop logical ability and strength of a manager. Some important principles of managerial economics are discussed here.
1.Introduction
resources.
opportunity cost.
No second choice means no opportunity cost. It is also defined as the cost of sacrificed alternative. Not only applicable to finance.
has three alternative investment options. Annual returns from them are as follows. (a) Rs.20 ml, through expansion. (b) RS. 18 ml, through setting new unit. (c) Rs.16 ml, through buying shares in another firm.
3. Marginal principle
What is it?
Meaning of term marginal refers to change in total
minimization is involved.
Marginal cost(MC). MC=TCnTCn-1 Marginal revenue(MR). MR= TRnTRn-1 If TC & TR are in the form of function then MC & MR are defined as the first derivative of TC & TR functions respectively.
Decision rule
MR > MC.
But for profit maximization, new condition is that
MR = MC.
Limitation
It has two serious problems
It can be applied only where management has TC &
4.Incremental principle
alternatives, on cost and revenue stressing the change in total cost and revenue.
There are two fundamental concepts.
It increases revenue more than cost. 2. It increases some revenue more than it decreases others. 3. It decreases some cost more than it increases others. 4. It reduces cost more than revenue.
1.
Incremental reason
proposition or option.
Contribution analysis
contribution analysis. 1. Present explicit cost (a) Explicit variable cost. (b) Fixed cost. 1. Opportunity cost. 2. Future incremental cost.
Concept of Discounting
of currency. Based on the proverb, a bird in hand is better than two in the bush. According to this principle money received today should be invested to earn additional money immediately.
References
Arun Kumar and Rachna Sharma, Managerial
Economics. Joel Dean, Managerial Economics. D.N. Diwedi, Managerial Economics. www.managementstudyguide.com.