Agustus 2013

Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan ITS Surabaya Tahun 2013-2014

Contents :
A. Single Bottom 1. Floor Plates 1.2.1. Floor Plates in the cargo hold area 1.2.3. Floor Plates in the peaks 2. Longitudinal girders 2.2.1. Centre girder 2.2.2. Side girder

B. Double Bottom 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. General Centre girder Side girder Inner bottom Double bottom tanks Double bottom, transverse framing system 6.1. Plate floors 6.3. Watertight floors 6.4. Bracket floors 6.5. Brackets 6.6. Struts

7. Double Bottom, Longitudinal Framing System 7.2. Bottom and inner bottom longitudinals 7.3. Plate floors 7.4. Brackets 7.5. Longitudinal girder system
C. Bottom Structure in Machinery Spaces in way of the Main Propulsion Plant 1. Single bottom 2. Double bottom 3. Engine seating

1.2.1 Floor plates in the cargo hold area

Floor plates fitted between after peak bulkhead and collision bulkhead, the section modulus is not to be less than:

The depth of the floor plates is not less than: h = 55 B 45 [mm] hmin = 180 mm
In ship having rise of floor. At 0,1 l from the ends of the length l where possible, the depth of the floor plate webs shall not be less than half the required depth. Ships having a considerable rise of floor, the depth of the floor plate webs at the beginning of the turn of bilge is not less than the depth of frame. Web thickness is not be less than: t = h/100 + 3 [mm]
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1.2.3 Floor plates in the peaks

.1 The thickness of the floor plates in the peaks is not to be less than:

The thickness, however, need not be greater than required by B.6.2.1. critical plate thickness see next slide

The thickness, however, need not be greater then required by B.6.2.1 ( the thickness of plate floors) : tpf = ( tm - 2,0 ) . k [mm] tpf 16,0 mm tm = thickness of the centre girder according B2.2.2 (the thickness of the centre girder) B2.2.2. The thickness of the centre girder is not to be less then: within 0,7 L amidship: tm = h/ha [h/100 + 1,0].k [mm], for h 1200 mm tm = h/ha [h/120 + 3,0].k [mm], for h > 1200 mm ha = depth of the centre girder as build [mm] tm =shall not to be less then t according to 7.5 : t = (5,0 + 0,03L)k [mm], tmin = 6,0 k [mm]

.2 The floor plate

height in the fore peak above top of the keel or stem shoe is not to be less then : h = 0,06 H + 0,7 [m]

.3 The floor plates in the after peak are to extend over the stern tube (see also sec.13.C.1.4) : The stern tube is to be serrounded by the floor plates or, when the ships shape is too narrow to be stiffened by internal rings. Where no sole piece is fitted the internal rings may be dispenced with.
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2. General 2.1.1 All single bottom ships are to have a centre girder. Side girders shall not be installed where the breadth measured on top of floors does not exceed 6 m. One side girder when the breadth measured on top of floors does not exceed 9 m. Two side girders when the breadth measured on top of floors exceed 9 m. 2.1.2 For the spacing of side girders from each other and from the centre girder in way of bottom strengthening forward see Section 6, E.1. see next slide 2.1.3 The continuous (centre) and intercostal side girders are to extend as far forward and aft as practicable and stiffened at their upper edge.

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1. Arrangement of floors and girders

1.1 For the purpose of arranging floors and girders the following areas are defined: -forward of x/L = o,7 for L 100 m -forward of x/L = 0,6 + 0,001 L for 100m < L 150 m -forward of x/L = 0,75 for L > 150 m 1.3 In case of tranverse framing, the spacing of side girders is not to exceed L/250 + 0,9 [m] , up to a maximum of 1,4 m

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2.2.1 Centre girder

The web thickness tw and the sectional area of the face plate Af within 0,7 L amidships is not to be less than:

Towards the ends the thickness of the web plate as well as the sectional area of the top plate may be reduced by 10 %. Lightening holes are to be avoided. The web thickness tw and the sectional area of the face plate Af within 0,7 L amidships is not to be less than:

2.2.2 Side girders:

Towards the ends, the thickness of the web plate and the sectional area of the face plate may be reduced by 10%.

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Lightening holes may be fitted in the plate floors.

The length of lightening holes may not exceed 0,75 of

the depth of center girder. The depth of holes may not more than 0,5 of the depth of floor. min 300 mm The total length of lightening holes may not more than 0,5 of the length of plate floor from center girders to the margin plate. The web of plate floor close to center girder may not less than 0,4 the depth of center girder.
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2. Centre girder 2.2.1. The depth of the centre girder is not to be less then h = 350 + 45. B [mm] hmin = 600 mm 2.2.2. The thickness of the centre girder is not to be less then: within 0,7 L amidship: tm = h/ha [h/100 + 1,0].k [mm], for h 1200 mm tm = h/ha [h/120 + 3,0].k [mm], for h > 1200 mm ha = depth of the centre girder as build [mm] tm =shall not to be less then t according to 7.5 t = (5,0 + 0,03L)k [mm], tmin = 6,0 k [mm] within 0,15 L at the ends: te = 0,9 tm,

3. Side girders 3.2. The thickness of the side girder is not to be less then: t = h / (120.ha ). k [mm] h = depth of the centre girder [mm] ha = depth of the side girder as build [mm] ha = need not to be taken less then h to calculate t t = shall not be less then t according 7.5

4. Inner bottom

4.1. The thickness of the inner bottom plating is not to be less then: t = 1,1. a. p. k + tK [mm]
p = design pressure [kN/m] p is the greater of the following values: p1 = 10 ( T hDB ) p2 = 10. h, where the inner bottom forms a tank boundary p3 = Pi according to Section 4.C.2 (see next slide) h = distance from top of the overflow pipe to inner bottom [m] hDB = double bottom height [m]

tK = corrosion additions according to section 3.K

(see next slide)

Sec.4.C.2. Load on inner bottom

pi = 9,81 G/V. h (1 + av ) [kN/m] G = mass of cargo in the hold [t] V = volume of the hold [m] h = height of the highest point of the cargo above the inner bottom [m], assuming hold to be completely filled. av = acceleration factor = F.m, see 4.C.1.1

Innerbottom plating (pelat alas dalam) Innerbottom frame / reverse frame (Gading alas dalam / gading balik) (Wrang pelat) (Penumpu samping , terputus) (Penumpu tengah , menerus) (Lunas pelat datar) Keel plate (Pelat lunas) Bottom plating (pelat alas) Bottom frame (Gading alas ) /Open floor (Wrang terbuka) Plate floor/Solid floor (wrang pelat)

6.2.1 The thickness of the plate floor is not to be less then Tpf = ( tm - 2). k [mm] tm = thickness of centre girder according to 2.2.2. The thickness is not exeed 16,0 mm The web sectional area is not to be less then Aw = . T. l. e ( 1 2y/l ). k e = spacing of the plate floors [m] l = span between longitudinal bulkheads,if any [m] l = B, if longitudinal bulkheads are not fitted. y = distance between supporting points of the plate floors,(ship sides, longitudinal bulkheads) and the section considered [m], not to be greater then 0,4 l. = 0,5 for spaces which may be empty at full draught,e.g. machinery spaces, store rooms etc. = 0,3 , elsewhere

The section modulus of the bottom and inner bottom frame is not to be less then W = n. c. a. l. p. k [cm] p = design load, as follows for inner bottom frames p = pi according to Section 4.C.2 The greater = p1 or p2 according to Section 4.D.1 value is to be used = 10 ( T hDB ) hDB = double bottom height [m]

n = 0,44, if p = p2 = 0,55, if p = pi or p1 = 0,70, if p = pB c = 0,6 where strut according to 6.6 are provided at l/2, otherwise c = 1,0. l = unsupported span [m] disregarding struts, if any The bracket, in general, to be of the same thickness as the plate floors. Their breadth is to be 0,75 of the depth of the centre girder as per 2.2. The bracket are to be flange at their free edge, where the unsupported span of bottom frames exceed 1,0 m or where the depth of floors exceed 750 mm

At the side girders,bottom frame and inner bottom frames are supported by flat bars having the same depth as the inner bottom.

The cross sectional area of the struts as Section 10.C.2 (Pillar scantlings) The design force is to be taken P = 0,5. p. a. l [kN] p = load according to 6.4.3 l = unsupported span according to 6.4.3.

Plate floor (wrang pelat)

Innerbottom plating (pelat alas dalam) (Pembujur alas dalam)

Plate floor (wrang pelat)

(Pembujur alas)

(Penumpu samping, terputus) (Penumpu tengah, menerus) (Bracket)

(Pelat lunas)
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7.2 Bottom and inner bottom longitudinals The section moduli according to section 9.B.3 .1 (Framing system) Sec.9.B.3.1 : The section modulus Wl and shear area Al of longitudinals is not to be less then:

See Sec.9 B.2. Definations

Fig. 9.4 End attachment

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Tank top / inner bottom plating Inner bottom longitudinal

Brackets

Plate floor, watertight floor

Bottom longitudinal

Bottom plating

Fig. 9.4 End attachment

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7.3.4 The scantling of plate floors are to be determined according to 6.2 (Plate floors scantlings in transverse framing system) see slide no.18 etc.