JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, NOIDA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Session 2013-2014

PRESENTATION
ON

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM OF A FORMULA-I TYPE RACING CAR

BY: MANVENDRA KUMAR (ROLL NO.1009140057) ABHISHEK KUMAR SINGH (ROLL NO.1009140008) AKASHDEEP SRIVASTAVA (ROLL NO. 1009140013) ANIRUDDH DALMIA (ROLL NO. 1009140021) PRIYANKA SINGH
(PROJECT SUPERVISOR)

Type of suspension used

We are using double A-arm (unequal arms) type suspension. The reason behind this is1- It is Lightest in weight. 2- lowest unsprung mass. 3- greater adjustability i.e. camber, toe angle can easily change. 4- vertical movement of suspension system results in an increase in negative camber, it helps the outside tire to make proper contact with the road during cornering.

Suspension terminology and their effect on riding

Sprung mass Unsprung mass Ride height (ground clearance) Dynamic load transfer

suspension terminology and their effect on riding

Camber Steering axis inclination Caster angle Toe in/out instantaneous centre Roll centre

suspension terminology and their effect on riding

Wheelbase Track width Over steer Under steer Yaw, pitch and roll

suspension terminology and their effect on riding

Bump steer Anti dive Anti squat Spring rate Wheel rate Motion ratio

Sprung weight
Sprung weight is that part of the vehicles weight which is supported by suspension springs and dampers. it includes mass of chassis, transmission, engine, driver, fuel tank etc.- in other words; most of it.

Unsprung weight
Unsprung weight is that part of the vehicles weight which is not supported by suspension springs. It includes mass of tires, wheels, hub, axle, a little bit mass of suspension etc. Lower unsprung weight (inertia of rotating parts will be low) is preferable because less work the shocks and springs have to do to keep the tires in contact with the road over bumpy surfaces and handling will be better.

Ride height
Also called ground clearance. It is the distance between vehicles lowest point and road surface. A higher ground clearance means that the center of mass of the car is higher, which makes more dangerous handling characteristics ( the chance of rollover is higher). Higher ride heights will typically adversely affect aerodynamic properties.

Dynamic load transfer

Load transfer in dynamic condition of vehicle is basically called dynamic load transfer. 1- longitudinal load transfer * At the time of braking (rear to front) * At the time of acceleration (front to rear) 2- Lateral load transfer * At the time of cornering (inner wheels to outer wheels)

Always we try to minimize the dynamic load transfer for effective riding.

Camber
Angle between the tilted wheel plane and vertical plane is called camber angle. If the top of the tire is tilted out, then it is called positive camber. If the top of the vehicle is tilted in, then it is called negative camber. Tire generate maximum cornering force at a small negative camber, therefore racing cars have negative camber.

Steering axis inclination

Also called kingpin inclination. Line joining the upper ball joint and lower ball joint is called steering axis. SAI helps to provide steering returnability. It reduce the steering effort, particularly when the vehicle is stationary. Keep the front wheel in straight ahead position.

Spindle length
It is the distance from the steering axis to the wheel centre plane, measured horizontally at axle height.

Scrub radius
Also called steering offset. Scrub radius refers to the distance between the line through the steering axis and the centre line of the wheel at the contact point with the road surface. Scrub radius can be zero, positive, or negative. Zero scrub radius means that the line through the steering axis intersects the centerline of the tire at the road surface. Positive scrub radius means that the line intersects the centerline of the tire below the road surface. Negative scrub radius means that the line intersects the centerline of the tire above the road surface