THE HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TISSUES AND ORGANS

THE EPITHELIAL TISSUES: the tissues in which the cells are sitting one near the other, tightly packed and held together by tight junctions and adhering junctions

Simple squamous epithelium: lining the body cavities (mesothelium) Simple cuboidal epithelium: lining the epithelial tubules (glands, kidney tubules, biliary ducts) Simple columnar epithelium: lining the gastrointestinal tract, excretory ducts of some glands Pseudostratified epithelium: lining the trachea and bronchias Stratified squamous epithelium: lining the skin (keratinized type) and some mucosas (nonkeratinized type) Urothelial epithelium: lining the ureter and urinary bladder

THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES: the tissues which connects different body parts

Dense connective tissue: has fibers, arranged in bundles and fibrocytes (less eosynophilic than the muscular tissues) Loose connective tissue : myxomatous tissue (umbilical cord)

ADIPOSE TISSUE:

Cells filled with fat (clear vacuoles), the nucleus at the periphery of the cell (flattened on the cell membrane)

THE CARTILAGINOUS AND OSSEOUS TISSUES

Cartilage: consists of cells (chondrocytes sitting in cavities), collagen fibers and ground substance (bluish colour) Bone: consists of cells (osteocytes sitting in cavities), collagen fibers and ground substance (reddish colour)

THE MUSCULAR TISSUES

The skeletal muscle tissue: consists of fibers arranged in bundles, each fiber contains many nuclei, all peripherally located, and cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) containning striations (strips) made by actin and myosin The smooth muscle tissue: consists of smooth muscle cells with spindle shapes, smaller than the skeletal muscle cells, containing nuclei in the middle part of the cells and are arranged in bundles (the same like the skeletal muscle, but without striations) The cardiac muscle: has branching fibers which contains nuclei in the middle part of the fibers (like the smooth muscle) and striations (like the skeletal muscle)

THE STRUCTURES WITH LUMENS

Structures lined by endothelium: blood vessels (capillaries, arteries, veins) Structures lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium:
Epithelial tubules ( kidney tubules, billiary ductules) Glands Bronchias

THE LIVER

The portal space: portal vein, hepatic artery, biliary ductules The hepatic lobules
Hepatocytes

Central lobular vein

THE LUNG

The broncho-vascular packet :

Bronchia and pulmonary artery The pulmonary vein - separately

The alveoles

THE KIDNEY

the glomerul the tubules the interstitium the vessels

THE BRAIN

neurons, glial cells ground substance blood vessels (with a free space between the vessel and the nervous substance)

THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES

the lymph node: lymphoid follicles the spleen: lymphoid follicles with an artery in the middle part of the follicle