Chapter 10

Food and Life

 Overview of the Chapter

What you will learn....

How diet affects the body

How the body processes and uses food
How to read food nutrients labels
How to analyze diets
 Overview of the Day:
10.1 Assessing Nutrients
Today you will learn about
 Nutrition
 Nutrients
 Nourishment
 Malnutrition
 The 6 essential nutrients, their functions and example of them.
 Assessing Nutrients
 Nutrition:
 _______________________________
_______________________________
_________________________

 Nutritionists:
 _______________________________
_______________________________
____________________________
 They develop lists of nutrient requirement for
these organisms
 Nutrients
 _____________________________________

_________________________________

 They provide nourishment for our body

 _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
___________________________
 Nourishment and energy help the body to maintain
its cells, tissues, and organs, and to support growth
and development.
 Malnutrition

 _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________
 _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
___________________________________________
 Malnourished people suffer from:
 High levels of sickness
 Disability
 Shorter life spans
 Malnourished children may not grow properly and suffer from brain damage.
 More.....
 Some Quick Statistics

Every year 15 million children die of hunger

About 183 million children weigh less than they

should for their age

Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of hunger

It is estimated that some 800 million people in the

world suffer from hunger and malnutrition,
 The Next Couple of Slide are Graphic

The following slide are pictures of extreme

malnutrition. Most of the pictures are of people or
children suffering from malnutrition due to the lack of
food.
 Malnutrition

This boy is suffering from sever malnutrition which had caused him to loose most of his
muscle. This is why you are able to clearly see the bones and loose skin on his tiny frame
Malnutrition
Lack of Vitamin C
Lack of Vitamin A
 The Nutrients We Need
 Your body requires 6 essential nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
_________________________________________________
They are the primary source of energy for our body

2. Proteins
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Supply energy when carbohydrates and fats are not available

3. Fats
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
 The Nutrients We Need
4. Vitamins:
 Are organized according to whether they can be absorbed in fat or water
 __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
5. Minerals:
 _________________________________________________________
 Includes; calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, and iodine.

6. Water:
 __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
 The water you take in through food and drink needs to be balanced with
the water that is eliminated from your body
 Overview: 10.2 Analyzing Diets

Today you will learn:

 What diet is......
 What a mixed diet is......
 Canada’s food guide.....
 How to read a food label.....
 Learn about vegetarian and fad diets. What are they?
 Analyzing Diets

 Diet:
 _______________________
_______________________
________________________

 Mixed Diet:
 Is a diet in which it is easy to obtain
the nutrients you need. ________
________________________
________________________
________________________
 Canada’s Food Guide

Classifies food into 4 groups:

1. _______________________
Bread and cereals

2. _______________________
Watermelon and zucchini

3. _______________________
Cheese and yogurt

4. _______________________
Fish and chicken
 Canada’s Food Guide

The food guide is based on 5 guidelines:

1. Eat a variety of foods

3. _________________________________________________
______________________________________________.

5. Choose low fat dairy products, lean meats, and food prepared with little
or not fat.

7. ______________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
 Vegetarian Diets
They choose not to eat animal
products.

Strict vegetarians are called

________________________
________________________
________________________
____________________.
Other vegetarians may eat dairy
products, fish and chicken but not
red meat like pork, lamb, or beef.
 Vegetarian
 Since a vegetarian does not consume meat they must

ensure they are still obtaining protein. ___________

______________________________________

 Benefit:_________________________________

_____________________________________

 Drawback: can be low in iron and vitamin B and the

vegan diet may lack calcium. __________________

________________________________________
____________________________________
 Fad Diets

Fad diet
 refers to a current ______________________________
____________________________________________
__________________________________________
 Atkins

EXAMPLE: THE ATKINS DIET

 Athletes that want to gain weight believed the atkins diet would work
because high amounts of protein are believed to develop more body
muscle. ____________________.

 To increase muscle bulk they need to consume more energy from

carbohydrates (which the atkins diet excludes completely), not
protein.

 They must also exercise to increase muscle mass

 Too much protein=______________________________

________________________________________________
______________________________________________
 Food Labelling

Going to the lab to learn more about Canadian food

labels.
 Overview:
10.3 The Digestive System: Mining for nutrients
Today you will learn....
 What mechanical and chemical digestion are
 What absorption means in terms of the digestive system
 More in-depth on the parts of the digestive system

Mouth & saliva

Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
 Digestion
It wouldn't matter what nutrients you
ate if your body didn’t absorb them.

Remember that the job of the digestive

system was to break up your food into
chemical compounds your cells could
use.

These chemical compounds include the

necessary nutrients you body needs to
be healthy
 3 Steps Involved in Getting Nutrients
1. Mechanical digestion
 ____________________________
____________________________
_________________________

2. Chemical Digestion
 Chemicals known as_____________
____________________________
__________________________

3. Absorption
 Molecule-sized_________________
____________________________
__________________________
 The Mouth

The Teeth
 are the most important component of
mechanical digestion._______________
_______________________________
_____________________________.

Saliva
 Contains enzymes which_____________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
___________________________.
 Stomach

The Stomach
 Breaks down food with muscle
contractions____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_________________________.

 Acids in the gastric juices activate enzymes

that digest food and turn it into liquid
form.____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
__________________________.
 Small Intestine

 Once the food is partially digested it is

released into the small intestine.

 ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
______________.

 Glands in the liver and pancreas release

_____________________
___________________________
___________________________
________________________
 Small Intestine Digestion
 Carbohydrates
 ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
_________________________________________

 Protein
 ____________________________________________
__________________________________________

 Fat
 Bile, a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder,
breaks fat into smaller particles.

 ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
_________________________________________

 Once these steps have been completed the fats are ready to be
absorbed
 Large Intestine

Absorption continues in the

large intestine

_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_________________
 Overview:
10.4: The Role of Diet
Today you will learn....
 How to many fats in your diet can effect your life style....
 How skipping a meal can impact your day
 Evaluate Your Choices

 ______________________
______________________
______________________
__________________

 Skipping meals can cause

______________________
________________.

 In order for your body to

conserve energy it slows down
and as a result you feel _____
______________________
______________________
___________________
 TO MUCH FAT

To much fat in a diet can cause

several problems
 Your body has to work harder to digest fats

 ______________________________
______________________________
___________________________

 High fat diets can cause fatigue and lack of

energy

 ______________________________
____________________________

 Over time, fat causes weight gain