WHAT IS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY?

Social development is learning

primary drives secondary drives reinforcement

Psy 311: Attachment

WHAT IS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY (CONT)?

Social development is instinct * bonding Social development is interaction * attachment

Psy 311: Attachment

WHAT DO BABIES COME WITH?

REFLEXES
crying, clinging, grasping, rooting

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Film Clip: Reflexes

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WHAT DO BABIES COME WITH (Cont)?

SOCIABILITY
interest in people, gazing, ability to be comforted.

BABYNESS
size, facial features, movements, smell & feel.

Psy 311: Attachment

WHAT DO CAREGIVERS COME WITH?

Interest in interactions Responsiveness to infants cries, looks, sounds Protectiveness

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FUNCTIONS OF ATTACHMENT

BABY BEHAVIOR
cling, grasp, huddle cry call, look for, crawl to, hide behind

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FUNCTIONS OF ATTACHMENT (Cont)

PARENT RESPONSE
hold in return come comfort and repair or protect

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WHATS THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT?

IN TIMES OF DANGER: KEEP CHILD SAFE

keep child close to caregiver bring caregiver get to caregiver

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WHATS THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT (Cont)?

IN REGULAR TIMES: CHILD FEELS SAFE

allow exploration allow play

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DEFINITION OF ATTACHMENT

Strong affectionate bond that binds a person to a specific intimate companion

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DEVELOPMENTAL COURSE OF ATTACHMENT

1. Undiscriminating social responsiveness

(birth - 3 months)

2. Discriminating social responsiveness

(3 - 6 months)

3. Active proximity seeking/true attachment

(7months - 3 years)
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Psy 311: Attachment

HOW CAN ATTACHMENT BE ASSESSED?

METHODS: The Strange Situation Paradigm.

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Film Clip: The Strange Situation

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FOUR ATTACHMENT CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

1. 2. 3. 4.

Exploration Reaction to stranger Separation from caregiver Reunion with caregiver

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FOUR TYPES OF ATTACHMENT:

SECURE: 1 TYPE INSECURE: 2 TYPES NEW TYPE

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1. SECURE ATTACHMENT
EXPLORATION: high STRANGER: generally outgoing SEPARATION: distress REUNION: joy

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PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

RESPONSIVE TO INFANTS NEEDS & SIGNALS Theme: Trust building

SECURE:

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2. INSECURE-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT
EXPLORATION: high, unfocused STRANGER: indifferent SEPARATION: low distress REUNION: ignore, avoid

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PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

IMPATIENT, UNRESPONSIVE, REJECTING Theme: Indifference

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INSECURE AVOIDANT

3. INSECURE-RESISTANT ATTACHMENT
EXPLORATION: low STRANGER: fearful, even when caregiver is present SEPARATION: hi distress REUNION: ambivalent, wants contact but is angry

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PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

INCONSISTENT, OVERALL MORE UNRESPONSIVE THAN RESPONSIVE TO INFANT Theme: Lack of trust

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INSECURE RESISTANT

4. INSECURE-DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT
EXPLORATION: chaotic STRANGER: uncertain, fearful SEPARATION: variable REUNION: distress

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PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

INSECURE ABUSIVE, DISORGANIZED UNPREDICTABLE (no coping strategy)

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Review: Kinds of Attachment

SECURE: joy on reunion

Caregiver: Responsive

AVOIDANT (insecure): indifference

Caregiver: Rejecting

RESISTANT (insecure): ambivalence

Caregiver: Unpredictable

DISORGANIZED (insecure): distress

Caregiver: Abusive

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QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTACHEMENT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Occurs at birth? To more than 1 person? After 6 months? Can attachments change? Long-term effects?

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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT

RELATIONSHIPS WITH... Peers Teachers Romantic partners Own children
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HEALTHY INTERNAL WORKING MODEL

Trusting Lovability Openness Expressiveness

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MECHANISMS OF EFFECTS

INTERNAL WORKING MODELS

1. Insecure-Resistant: CLINGY, DEMANDING 2. Insecure-Avoidant: DISTANT, COLD

CREATE RESPONSES IN OTHERS

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ARE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT IRREVERSIBLE?

NO! Accept, understand, integrate, and go on!

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