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Dirichlet formulation

with constant potential




Ana Lavern Simavilla
M Victoria Lapuerta Gonzlez
Dirichlet Formulation






( )
P
n
cu
u =
c
x
( )
( )


i
m i m
S S
B B
m
S
W
dS dS
n
dS
+

cu
| |
u u u Vu
|
c
\ .
u u Vu + u
}} }}
}}
N
N
The integral equation must be solved making the point P tend
toward the body surface
Doublet potential: u
d
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

i
m P i d P
S
B
d P
S
B
S
W
P
dS dS
n
dS

+
cu
u u u
c
u +
=

u u
u u u
}} }
}}
}
x x x x
x
x x x
x
x
Source distribution
Doublet distribution
Doublet potential: u
d
Dirichlet Formulation






( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )


i
m P i d P
S
B
S
B
S
d P
P
W
dS dS
n
dS

+
cu
u u u
c
u +
u
u
=

u
u u

}}
}}
}}
x x x x x x
x x
x x
Making the inner potential zero:
Doublet distribution
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S S
P d
W
d P P
B
dS dS

= u u + u u u I
}} }}
x x x x x x
=I
Constant potential method (2D)
The profiles contour is modeled with N panels, that will be
straight segments.
Panels are determined by N+1 nodes







Collocation points are the midpoints of each panel:

, , 1,...,
PCk PCk
x z k N =
Node of trailing
edge
node
panel j
node j
node j+1
Path followed around the profile
2 2
1
panel j
Effect of a doublet's
distribution over the
panel j
1
( ) d ( ) d
( ) ( cos sin )
2 2
N
PCk PCk
PCk PCk
j
j
N
k PC
PCk PCk
S
W
k
S S
U x z o o
t t

=
u
u u
u =

= + +

u

} }
x x N x x
x x
x
N
x x
Constant potential method (2D)
The following conditions are imposed:
Constant potential on each panel
The previous equation is rewritten for the collocation points k
I=u
N
-u
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S S
P d
W
d P P
B
dS dS

= u u + u u u I
}} }}
x x x x x x
Constant potential method (2D)
To solve the integrals on each panel its suitable to choose axes
bound to the panel (u,v)
v
u
C.P. k
j
j+1
panel j
2 2 2
panel j 0
( ) d
ar c tan ar c tan
2 2 2
( ) ( )
l
j
j
j j
j j j j k
PCk k k
j j j j
k k k k PCk
j
j
kI
kF
l u
v du u S
u u v v v
|
|
t t t

| |
| | u u u

= = + |
| `
|
|
+

\ .) \ .
} }
x x N
x x
1
, length of the panel
j j
j j
j
l
l
+

= =
x x
V
( , ) ,
( , )
j jx jz
j jz jx
V V
V V
=
=
V
N
j
V j
N
k
j
j+1
j j j
k kI kF
| | | = +
j
kI
|
j
kF
|
Constant potential method (2D)
For the panel, k=j


For the layer surface, a semi-infinite panel is used


Finally:
,
2 2
j j
Ij Fj
t t
| |
1 1
sgn( )
2
N N
Fk k
v
t
|
+ +
=
( )
1
1
1
1
sgn( ) ( cos sin )
2 2 2
N
j N N
k Ik PCk PCk k
j
j
N
k
v U x z
t
| | o o
t t
+ +

=
u
u u
u = + + + +

Constant potential method (2D)


Matrix form:

with and







( )
1
1 1
1
( ) sgn( ) ( cos sin )
2 2 2
N
j j N N
k Ik PCk PCk
j
N
k Ik Fk
j
v U x z
t
| | | o o
t t
+ +

=
=
u
u u
u + + + + +

j
j k
k
A B u = 1,.... , 1,.... k N j N = =
( cos sin )
k PCk PCk
B U x z o o

= +
, 1,
2
j
j j
k
k k
A j N
|
o
t
= =
( )
1 1
1
1 1
sgn( )
2
2 2
N N
k Ik
k
k k
v
A
t
|
|
o
t t
+ +
+
= +
( )
1 1
sgn( )
2
2 2
N N
N
k Ik
N N
k
k k
v
A
t
|
|
o
t t
+ +
+
=
Constant potential method (2D)
( )
1
1 1
1
( ) sgn( ) ( cos sin )
2 2 2
N
j j N N
k Ik PCk PCk
j
N
k Ik Fk
j
v U x z
t
| | | o o
t t
+ +

=
=
u
u u
u + + + + +

ar c tan ar c tan ,
j
j
j k j
k
k
j j
k k
l u
u
k j
v v
|

| |
| |


| = + =
|
`
|
|
\ .
) \ .

,
j
k
k j | t = =
1
1
1
ar c tan
N
N
k
kI
N
k
u
v
|
+
+
+
| |
=
|
|
\ .
Flow around a Karman-Trefftz profile
( )
( )
2
2 2
0 0
0
with: , 1 2 ( 2: Joukovsky)
C.Kutta: 4 sin
k
ka t a
a x R y k k
ka t a
U R
t
t
t o u


| |
= = < s =
|
+ +
\ .
I = +
U

o
x
y
R
x
0
y
0
u
0

a
o
U

q
ka
We will compare the numerical and the analytic results for a
Krmn-Trefftz profile.
1. For n panels calculate the pressure coefficient on the profiles
lower and upper, . For this, calculate the speed on the
nodes using the expression:






where d
i
is the distance between the collocation points i and
i+1.

2. Calculate the global circulation around the airfoil:

3. Compare the results with those obtained exactly using the
Krmn-Trefftz transformation.
Required calculations
( )
p
C
1
nodo 1
,
PC i PC i
i
i
V
d
+
+
u u
=
1 N
I = u u
Comments for the resolution

Function that gives the nodes coordinates:

function[,]=function_profile (n, t
0
,k, R)

Function that gives the analytic value of :

function [
p,lower
, C
p, lower
,
p,upper
, C
p, upper
,
p,lower
,
p, upper
, I] =

function_karman(t
0
, k, o, n_kam, R, )

( )
p
C
U

low
Results
Profile for t=-0.3+i0.2, k=1.5, R=1, n=100, /10, 1 U o t

= =
I
num
=6.1939
upp

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