RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF A FROG

Dal Vladimir Caringal Denise Christine Cruz Erika Laine Cruz Michelle Cuacoyes

These are the organs concerned with the exchange of gases forms respiratory system. In frog, respiration takes place through moist skin, lining of bucco-pharyngeal cavity and lungs. However in tadpole larva, respiration takes through gills.

Types of Respiration
1. Cutaneous Respiration
Through moist skin
Skin is richly supplied with alone vessels and is permeable to gases. Oxygen get dissolved in moist surface of skin them exchange of gases takes place by diffusion. It is only mode of respiration during hibernation or aestivation or when frog is under water.

Oxygen diffuses through skin to capillaries and is carried by blood and CO2 diffuses back to blood from cells and is discharged out.

2. Buccal Respiration
It takes place on land during mouth and glottis remains closed while nostrils remain open. The floor of buccal cavity is alternately raised and lowered so that air is drawn into and expelled out of buccal cavity through Nostrils The epithelial lining of buccal cavity is moist and highly supplied with alone capillaries and exchange of gases takes place through it.

3. Pulmonary Respiration
LUNGS Positive pressure main release of CO2

In this process, frog keeps its mouth closed. Air reaches buccal cavity through nostrils. Nostrils are closed floor of buccal cavity is raised; glottis opens, and air is pushed into the lungs.

INSPIRATION
The process in which lungs are filled up with air.

1. During it, glottis and mouth remains closed while nostrils remain open. 2. The sternohyal muscles contract due to which the floor of buccal cavity is lowered. 3. Thus, the buccal cavity get enlarged and air comes into buccal cavity through nostrils. 4. Now the glottis opens and nostrils are closed. 5. Now petrohyal muscles contract which raises the floor of buccal cavity. 6. This decreases size of buccal cavity and air passes into lungs through glottis.

EXPIRATION
Process which lungs are emptied. When lungs are filled with air glottis closes and air remains in lungs for some time. At this time, the floor of buccal cavity is raised and lowered to carry buccal respiration. Now glottis opens and floor of buccal cavity is towered by the contraction of sternohyal muscles.

Organs Associated with Respiration

L u n g s

LUNGS
Alveoli small thin walled chambers which greatly increase the are of the lungs

When lungs are filled with air, then exchange

of gases occurs between blood and air in lungs at the site of alveoli. During this, the exchange of gases occurs between blood and air present in buccal cavity. After this air is removed from the lungs. Frog uses its nostrils and floor of buccal cavity for inspiration and expiration.

 Oxygen present in the air is dissolved in moisture present on lining of lungs.

Then oxygen is diffused into the blood where it combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin. This oxygenated blood goes to all parts of the body by means of capillaries. Where oxygen separates from oxyhaemoglobin molecules and is absorbed by the cells. Carbon dioxide from cells comes out into the blood, which carries it to the lungs, and from here carbon dioxide is expelled.

Organs Associated with Respiration

R e s p i r a t o

r y T r a c t

RESPIRATORY TRACT
the passage through which air enters and leaves lungs Consists of:

External nares Nasal membranes Internal nares Buccal cavity Glottis