S Pss Workshop

Introduction to SPSS
Allen Risley Academic Technology Services, CSUSM arisley@csusm.edu 750-4169
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
SPSS Workshop Agenda

Layout of the Program Adding Data to SPSS Preparing Data for Analysis Creating New Variables Descriptive Data Analysis Working with SPSS Output
Layout of the SPSS Program

SPSS Program Windows Menus and Toolbars SPSS Options
SPSS Program Windows

SPSS Program Windows
Data Editor
Data View Variable View
Output Viewer Syntax Editor
File Types
Data: filename.sav Output: filename.spo Commands: filename.sps
Menus and Toolbars

SPSS Options
Users can set options to make program easier to use Edit menu
Choose Options On General Tab:
Display Names & File h Record Syntax & Temp. Dir.
H:\
On Viewer Tab:
h Display Commands in the Log
More SPSS Options

Output Labels Tab
For Pivot Table Labeling:
Variables in labels shown as Names and Labels Variable values in labels shown as Values and Labels
Pivot tables Tab

For Tablelook:
Choose Academic (narrow).tlo
Adding Data to SPSS

Use Syntax to Read an Existing Data File
In-line Data in a Syntax File

The SPSS Text Import Wizard
Data Entry in the SPSS Data Editor

Import from Excel
Loading Data Using Text Wizard

The SPSS Text Import Wizard:
File Menu:
Read Text Data
In Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.txt Step 1: choose No, Next Step 2: choose Fixed Width, No, Next Step 3: use defaults: Next Step 4: use defaults: Next

Step 5: Use these names and formats:
V1: ID, Numeric V2: Gender, String V3: Test1, Numeric V4: Test2, Numeric V5: Test3, Numeric Click on Next

Step 6: choose No, Yes
The Yes will open a syntax window with the text of a GET DATA command
Click on Finish In the Syntax window choose the Run Menu

Choose All
This creates an SPSS data file with the contents of grades.txt
Loading Data Using Syntax

You can re-use a syntax file by opening it and running it
File menu
Open
Syntax
You can open a blank syntax window to type in your own commands
File menu
New
Syntax
Other Ways to Load Data

Data Entry in the SPSS Data Editor Import from Excel
File Menu:
Open
Data
In Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.xls Click OK for defaults

Preparing Data for Analysis

Variable Formats
Variable Labels
Value Labels
Missing Values
Copying Data Properties
Formatting Your Variables

Variable Formats
Click on the Variable View tab of the Data Editor to edit or display formats
Name Type Width Decimals Label Values Missing Columns Align Measure
Variable Labels
Type in descriptive text that explains what the variable measures
Formatting Your Variables (cont.)

Value Labels Text that explains what numeric values stand for
Click in the cell of the Value column for your variable, enter a Value and Label, click Add
Missing Values Defines values that should not be included in calculations

Click in the cell of the Missing column for the variable, choose either Discrete or Range and enter the values
Creating New Variables

Collapsing Variables Using Recode Computing Variables Counting Values in Other Variables
Ranking Cases
Date and Time Variables
Recoding Variables
Recoding renumbers or collapses the values of a variable
Transform menu
Recode into different variables
Highlight variable(s) and move over with arrow Fill in a Name and Label for the new variable Click Old and New Values
Recoding Variables
Specify the Old Value
e.g., 90 through 100, 80 through 89, etc.
Specify a New Value

e.g., 4 (for an A), 3(for a B), etc.
Click on the Add button Repeat until all old and new values are specified Old values can be defined as single values, ranges or missing values Add value and variable labels, etc.
Computing New Variables

Create new variables using equations or functions
Transform menu
Compute Variable
Enter a Target Variable Name e.g. TestAvg Build a Numeric Expression

E.g. (Test1 + Test2 + Test3)/3
Click OK
Other Ways to Create Variables

Counting Values in Other Variables Ranking Cases Date and Time Variables
Descriptive Data Analysis

FREQUENCIES DESCRIPTIVES CROSSTABS MEANS
The FREQUENCIES Procedure

FREQUENCIES creates tables with counts of cases for each value of the variable Analyze Menu:
Descriptive Statistics
Frequencies
Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OK Statistics, Chart and Format options are available
FREQUENCIES Output
1. Command syntax 2. Summary statistics 3. Variable values and corresponding labels 4. Frequency counts for each value 5. Percentages
1. Raw percent 2. Valid percents 3. Cumulative percents
The DESCRIPTIVES Procedure

DESCRIPTIVES creates tables with summaries of values for variables Analyze Menu:
Descriptives
Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OK Options are available to choose different statistics
DESCRIPTIVES Output
1. Command syntax 2. Variable name and label 3. Number of cases 4. Statistics:
Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation
The CROSSTABS Procedure

CROSSTABS displays the intersection of values of two or more variables Analyze Menu:
Crosstabs
Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Row, Column or Layer variable lists, then click OK Statistics, Cells and Format options are available
Crosstabs Output
1. Table title
2. Column variables
3. Row variables
4. Cell counts (# of cases)

5. Column percents (% of
cases in column)
6. Statistics
The MEANS Procedure

MEANS calculates overall means and group means (defined by independent variables) Analyze Menu:
Means
Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Dependent or Independent variable lists, then click OK Optional Statistics are available
MEANS Output
1. Command syntax 2. Numbers of cases included and excluded 3. Dependent variable 4. Independent (group) variable 5. Means 6. Number of cases 7. Standard Deviations
Working with SPSS Output

Editing/Manipulating Tables Exporting Output to a File Copying and Pasting Output
Editing SPSS Tables

SPSS Table objects can be opened for editing before you use them elsewhere
Right-click on the table SPSS Pivot Table Object Either Edit or Open
Text can be formatted, rows or columns removed, footnotes added, etc.

Exporting SPSS Output to a File

SPSS output can be exported to other programs Either entire output file, or selected tables Export to Word, HTML, Excel, Text, PDF, or PowerPoint
Copying and Pasting SPSS Output

To copy and paste SPSS tables from SPSS to Word:
Right-click on the table Choose Copy Switch to Word Click location in the document Choose Paste Special Choose Picture
On-line SPSS Resources at CSUSM

Academic Technology Services is developing on-line resources for help with SPSS. Visit our SPSS page at:
E-mail Allen Risley at: arisley@csusm.edu

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Introduction to SPSS

Allen Risley Academic Technology Services, CSUSM arisley@csusm.edu 750-4169

SPSS Workshop Agenda

Layout of the SPSS Program

SPSS Program Windows

Output Viewer Syntax Editor

Menus and Toolbars

More SPSS Options

Pivot tables Tab

Adding Data to SPSS

In-line Data in a Syntax File

Data Entry in the SPSS Data Editor

Loading Data Using Text Wizard

Loading Data Using Text Wizard

Loading Data Using Text Wizard

Click on Finish In the Syntax window choose the Run Menu

This creates an SPSS data file with the contents of grades.txt

Loading Data Using Syntax

Other Ways to Load Data

In Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.xls Click OK for defaults

Preparing Data for Analysis

Formatting Your Variables

Formatting Your Variables (cont.)

Missing Values Defines values that should not be included in calculations

Creating New Variables

Specify a New Value

Computing New Variables

Enter a Target Variable Name e.g. TestAvg Build a Numeric Expression

Other Ways to Create Variables

Descriptive Data Analysis

The FREQUENCIES Procedure

The DESCRIPTIVES Procedure

The CROSSTABS Procedure

4. Cell counts (# of cases)

The MEANS Procedure

Working with SPSS Output

Editing SPSS Tables

Text can be formatted, rows or columns removed, footnotes added, etc.

Exporting SPSS Output to a File

Copying and Pasting SPSS Output

On-line SPSS Resources at CSUSM

E-mail Allen Risley at: arisley@csusm.edu

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