EMBRYOLOGY

OOGENESIS

Defination:Sequence of events by
which oogonia are transformed into
mature oocytes.
•Begins before birth and is completed
after puberty and continues to
menopause.
1)Prenatal maturation of oocytes.
Prenatal Maturation Of Oocyte

• Oogonia enlarged to from

primary oocytebefore birth
• Primary oocyte get surrounded
by flattened cell– primordial
follicle
 ●Amorphous acellular glycoprotein
material –Zona pellucida surrounds
primary oocyte

Primary follicle with more than one

• Primary Oocyte begin first meiotic
division before birth but remains
suspended prophase till puberty
 Postnatal maturation of oocyte

• Begins during puberty –one

follicle matures each month-
ovulation
• No primary oocytes form after
birth in females
• Primary oocyte completes first
meiotic division just before
ovulation,cytoplasm division
unequal
●At ovulation nucleus of secondary
oocyte starts second meiotic divison-
Arrest in metaphase
• Fertilization –second meiotic
divison completes
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
CYCLE
• Commencing at puberty &
continuing throughout the
reproductive years , monthly
reproductive cycles
• These monthly cycles prepare
the reproductive system for
pregnancy.
• Consists of 1)Ovarian cycle
2)Endometrial
 Ovarian Cycle

• Each cycle-FSH, LH
• Follicular development
• One will mature and ruptures
through the surface of the ovary
( Ovulation)
• Copus luteum
 Follicular Development

•Growth and differentiation of

primary oocyte
•Proliferation of follicular cells
•Formation of zona pellucida
•Development of the theca
folliculi
Transportation of gamets
• Oocyte transport
• Sperm transport
 MATURATION OF SPERMS &
ACROSOME REACTION

•Freshly ejaculated sperms are unable

to fertilize oocytes
•Sperms undergo a period of
conditioning(7 hrs) in the uterus or
uterine tube.- Capacitation
•Glycoprotein coat and seminal
proteins are removed from the surface
of the sperms acrosome.
 FERTILIZATION

Defination:is a complex sequence

of coordinated moleculer events
that begin with contact between
the sperm and oocyte and ends
with the intermingling of paternal
& maternal chromosomes at the
metaphase of first mitotic division
of the zygote ,a unicellular
embryo.
•Time taken: 24 hrs
 PHASES OF FERTILIZATION
Fertilization is a complex sequence of
coordinated events.
•Passage of sperm through corona radiata.
•Penetration of zona pellucida &Zona
reaction
•Fusion of plasma membranes of the oocyte
and the sperm
•Completion of second meiotic division of
the oocyte& formation of female
pronucleus.
FERTILIZATION

•Fusion of
male &
female
pronuclei to
form a
diploid
SIGNIFICANCE OF FERTILIZATION

•Restoration of diploid number of

chromosomes in the zygote
•Variation of the human species
through mingling of maternal&
paternal chromosomes.
•Determination of chromosomal
sex of the embryo.
•Initiation of cleavage
 Applied aspects
• Mittelschmerz
• Anovulation
• Vasectomy
• Tubal ligation
 ASSISTED
REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNIQUES
 Hormonal Basic
treatment
Principle of
Female

Harvest
the ovum

Mature Ova
Keep to
Mix in a test tube develop
embryo
Motile sperms

Collect semen
Transfer
to mother
Male
Natural
ejaculation
ICSI
Stands for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This process is used to inject
a single sperm into each egg before the fertilized eggs are put back into the
woman's body. The procedure may be used if the male has a low sperm
count.
Cryopreservation of Ova, Sperm and Embryo
Thank
you