Aulia nNisa Khusnia, M.

A Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto

 Example

1 Ray : Hi, mum Mum: Hi. Youre late Ray: Yeah, that bastard kept us in again

What is sociolinguistics? Sociolinguistics is study the relationship between language and society (Holmes, 1995: 1)

 Sociolinguistics
Language 1) 2) 3) 4)

conveys social meaning

to to to to

serves a range of functions ask for give people information express indignation express admiration and respect, etc.

1. What you call your mother in different contexts: (a) Addressing her (i) at home alone with her (ii) on the telephone with friends listening (iii) in a shop (b) Referring to her (i) at home to another family member when she is present

(ii) at home to another family member when she is not present (iii) to an acquaintance who doesnt know her (iv) to a sales assistant in a shop when she is present

(a)

Addressing your mother (i) mum, mummy, mom, ma (ii) mother, mater. (iii) mother Referring to your mother (i) mum, mom (ii) the old lady, our mam (iii) my mum (iv) my mother

(b)

Participant Who is speaking Who are they speaking to

Setting Where are they speaking to

Topic and Function What is being talked about? Why are they speaking?

Social distance scale

(participant relationship) Intimate relationship or distant relationship

Status scale
Participant scale Low varieties or high varieties

Formality Scale & 2 functional scales

Setting or type of interaction Relating to the purposes or topic of interaction

Why people use one set of forms in some contexts, but different forms in others The step which need to be taken in providing an explanation are 1. to identify clearly the linguistic variation involved e.g. vocabulary, sounds, grammatical construction, dialects, languages) 2. to identify clearly the different social or non- linguistics factors which lead speakers to use one form rather than another

e.g features relating to participants, setting or function of interaction

 When

two varieties of the same language are used (H & L) H formal e.g. religion, newspaper, broadcasting, education, etc L informal e.g. education (discussion) , gossiping, and shopping

 Language

shift use one language to different language two distinct codes in different domains use different varieties of just one language for their communicative need Language death ( language are no longer spoken anywhere) Language loss ( the process of language death gradually loss of fluency and competence by its speaker)

 Economic

People learn English- dominated countries to get a job Social (i) no active steps to maintain their ethnic language (ii) not see it as offering any advantages to their children

a.
b. c.

The pattern of language use more domainsmore chances Demographic factors Attitudes to minority language
identity and culture self esteem

 Vernacular

language a language which has not been standardized and has no official status Lingua francas describes a language serves as a regular means of communication between different linguistic groups in multilingual speech community

1.
2. 3.

4.

has no native speaker a means of communication between people who dont have a common language Pidgin linguistics structures such as: sound, vocabulary, grammatical features, a new variety ( borrowing/ emerging from some languages) Example: in Papua New Guinea, Pidgin Chinese English spoken by Chinese languages a Neo Melanesia / Tok Piksin

 Jamaican

Creol

English based
French based

Haitian Creol

from word to word

from style to style from group to group

 Holmes,

Janet.1996. Introduction to Sociolinguistic. England: Longman Group. Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1998. An Introduction to sociolinguistics. USA: Blackwell Publisher Inc.