Tatong Hariyanto May 11, 2007

COMMUNITY (HEALTH) DIAGNOSIS

the identification and quantification

of health problems in a community as a whole in terms off:

mortality and morbidity rates and

ratios, and identification of their correlates for the purpose of defining those at risk or those in need of health care.

Identification of the most possible

goal

cause, propose alternative solutions and develop a community action plans

Clinical Diagnosis
Identification of clinical sign

and symptoms of an individuals, looking for the most probable cause or risk factors The conclusion is aimed to choose alternatives therapy and follow-up (evaluation)

Community and Population

COMMUNITY:
the people with

common interests living in a particular area (village, district, town, etc); a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society
Merriam Webster dictionary

POPULATION: the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region the total of individuals occupying an area or making up a whole
Stresses on the area of

their lives
Merriam Webster Dictionary

DEMOGRAPHY
the statistical study of human

populations especially with reference to :

size and density, Growth, distribution, vital statistics (marriage, birth,

Social Determinants of Community health

death), and Mobility

The roles of Demography in Community Diagnosis

Describe the characteristics of

the community

The size, the distributions of

age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, religion, mobility, accessibility to public service, mode of communications)

Determine the community

health status (Vital statistics: mortality, morbidity) Study the relationship between characteristic of community and health status
Do the community characteris-

tics, affects the potency of specific health problems?

How do we got community data informations

The source of Community data: Primary data : collected by the comitee; Secondary data: collected by a certain organization (Puskesmas, Kantor Kecamatan, Kantor desa, dsb)

Vital Registration Population Census (every 10 years) Population Survey (Demography and Health Survey/DHS, Susenas, stc

What is Epidemiology
What is Epidemiology : A study of disease frequency, and distribution by time, place and personal characteristics, to seek for the expected cause or risk factors, in order to control (eradicate or reduce) the disease in the community.

What questions Can be answered by Epidemioilogical Approach ?

How many peoples influenced by the

Tertiary Prevention Secondary Prevention Primary Prevention

disease? Since when the disease started, and do the number of cases tend to increase or decrease by time? Do the disease burdened on a specific group of Age, gender, adress, occupation, religion, sosio-economic groups, marriage status, education? What is the probable cause or risk factor that make the disease frequency? Which of the cause / risk factors manageables? What are the effective solution to control the disease ?

What kind of epidemiological technique needed in Community Diagnosis

The Disease Frequency measurement:
Prevalence and Incidence rate

The trends of Prevalence & Incidence The distribution of prevalance or

incidence rate by age, sex, occupation, socio-economic groups, adress, religions Formulate Hypothesis about the risk factors (use la londe model) Test hypothesis Identify the possible solution thru 3 level of Prevecntion.

The Roles of Epidemiology in Community Diagnosis

State the current community health

Problems
Identify the 10 top prevalence diseases Score the magnitude of the disease Prioritize the disease problems (one)

Identify the Risk factors of the prioritized

disease:
Score the risk factors and prioritize

Identify the alternative sollution thru the 3

Is this the problems?

levels of prevention Prioritize the solutions Develop an action plan to implement the solutions

Statistics,
do we need it ?
A branch of mathematics study

about the techniques of:

Valid Data collections (sampling

technique to collect a representative and valid data) Manage the data collected (editing, tabulating, filing ) Presentation of data (Table, chart presentation) Compute the indicators (health indicators) Make conclussion and interpretation

Data Collections
Is it Primary Data or Secondary

data ? Do we need a survey ? How many subject do we need ? How do we select the subject? Sample selection ? (Random selection?) Census (All subject)? What kind of data will be measured from the subjects? Variables measured Is it quantitative or qualitative variabels ?

Data Presentation ?
Table Presentation ?
Chart / graphic Presentations ? Functions: To summarize the data Give an easy impression to conclude the characteristics of data

Distribution Trend Association / Corelation

Bye and see you . .