Characteristics and Evolution

Introduction To Computers
Definition:
Its an electronic Device that is used for information Processing.
Computer.. Latin word.. compute Calculation Machine to perform operations at high speed
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software
Computer
Performs computations and makes logical decisions Millions / billions times faster than human beings
Computer programs
Sets of instructions for which computer processes data
Hardware
Physical devices of computer system
Software
Programs that run on computers
Definition:
Introduction To Computer Software Operating system Problem solving Techniques Computer Prog ramming languages Computer Threats
Data and Information

All computer processing requires data, which is a collection of raw facts, figures and symbols, such as numbers, words, images, video and sound, given to the computer during the input phase. Computers manipulate data to create information. Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful. During the output Phase, the information that has been created is put into some form, such as a printed report. The information can also be put in computer storage for future use.
history.ppt 21-Jan-03
Characteristics of Computers
The power and usefulness of computer is because of High Processing Speed : several billion arithmetic
operations/second
Automatic : work without human intervention Accuracy : Electronic circuit results in error less operations Versatility: Different applications Diligence: free from monotony Power of Remembering: Store & recall any amount of information No IQ: performs tasks with unthinkable speed and memory No Feeling: devoid of emotions, no insticts
Origins of Computing Machines
Windows Abacus
Pascals mechanical calculator - 1645
Early computing devices Abacus: positions of beads represent numbers Gear-based machines (1600s-1800s) Positions of gears represent numbers Blaise Pascal, Wilhelm Leibniz, Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage
Father of modern digital computers English inventor 1791-1871 taught maths at Cambridge University Designed difference Engine Analytical Engine completely automatic 60 additions/minute invented a viable mechanical computer equivalent to modern digital computers
Babbages first computer

built in early 1800s special purpose calculator
naval navigation charts Machine designed to automate the computation (tabulation) of polynomial functions (which are known to be good approximations of many useful functions) Based on the method of finite difference Implements some storage
difference engine
Babbages second computer

Analytical engine
general-purpose used binary system punched cards as input branch on result of previous instruction Ada Lovelace (first programmer) machined parts not accurate enough never quite completed
analytical engine, 1834

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Augusta Ada Byron
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (1815-1852) Mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine. She is also known as the "first programmer". The computer language Ada, created by the U.S. Defense Department, was named after Ada Lovelace.
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1946 - ENIAC
First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) University of Pennsylvania 30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high 18,000 vacuum tubes Store and manipulate limited amount of information Programs were wired on Board 3 additions every second, (incredibly slow by todays standards).
ENIAC was developed long before the days of silicon chips or microchips, even before the transistor was invented.
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1946 -52 EDVAC

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer Stored program by Dr. John Von Neuman Sequence of instructions/data is stored in memory for automatic flow of computers. Storing of Instructions/ data in binary form EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) by Britishers of Cambridge University
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1951- UNIVAC 1
1951 the first commercially available computer was developed, the UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) using vacuum tubes 3,000 additions every second. By General Electric Corporation 1952 IBM produced 701 commercial computer
The Commercially available digital computers used for business and scientific applications had arrived
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1951- UNIVAC 1
Rear Admiral Grace Hopper, USN, with other programmers. Photo taken, August 13, 1957
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Characteristics and Evolution

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Characteristics and Evolution

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Introduction To Computers

A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software

Data and Information

Origins of Computing Machines

Pascals mechanical calculator - 1645

Babbages first computer

Babbages second computer

analytical engine, 1834

Augusta Ada Byron

1946 -52 EDVAC

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