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Introduction to 3G
High-speed data for wireless mobility market Defined by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Specification IMT2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication)
Radio and network access spec. Enabling mobile and fixed high-speed data services to use one or several radio channels.
3G evolution
3GPP2 CDMA2000
Migration path
3GPP Release 2000-major changes in core network Release 4 changes to the architecture of the core network Release 5-new call model-changes to user terminals, core network, access network
AMR
AMR-allows speech bit rate to change dynamically during a call Frame-20ms Supports Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and discontinuous transmission (DTX) with comfort noise generation.
Effect-little or nothing is sent over air interface when nothing is being spoken Reduces amount of transmission over air interface by 50%
CDMA basic
User data spreaded over wide BW through multiplication of sequence of pseudorandom bits chips Transmitter side Spread with pseudocode Receiver side despread with same pseudocode More than one user data can be transmitted on the same frequency
CDMA basics
Spreading factor=chip rate/user data symbol High spreading factor-greater the ability to recover the given users signal. No. of user increases, inference also increasesconfidence of recover reduces Processing gain : magnitude of spreading factor
Uplink
Supported Uplink spreading factor (sf)= 4,8,16,32,64,128,256. With highest sf 256- the data rate 480kbps UMTS support 2Mbps Support the capability for a given user to transmit upto 6 simultaneous channels. User Data rate >>480kbps, then 6 parallel channels each with sf of 4 is used.
downlink
Same sf is available, 512 is also available No. of bits/user symbol differ from uplink. Uplink=1b/us, downlink=2b/us For a given spreading factor, User bit rate in downlink>> uplink. User rate in downlink =2 user rate in uplink Control and traffic channels are multiplexed in air interface. WCDMA supports multiple simultaneous user data channels in downlink so that single user can achieves rate of over 2 Mbps.
Compressed mode
Gaps exist in downlink transmission so that the terminal can take measurements on other frequencies. When compressed mode is used, a reduction will take place in the data rate. Important capability of WCDMA, user data rate do not need to be fixed. Channels are transmitted with a 10ms frame structure.
It is possible to change the spreading factor on a frame-by-frame basis. Thus, within one frame the user data rate is fixed, but the user data rate can change from frame to frame. This capability, make WCDMA offers BW on demand.
RNS-Radio Network Subsystem connect RNC and node B Iub interface = Abis interface in GSM- interface b/n node B and RNC UTRAN interface exist b/n RNCs- Iur
Support inter-RNC mobility, soft handover b/n node Bs connected to different RNCs
UTRAN-connected to the core network vis Iu interface Iu interface has two different components:
Connection from UTRAN to the circuit switched part of the core network via Iu-CS interface which connects an RNC to a single mobile switching center (MSC)/visitor location register (VLR) Connection from UTRAN to the packet switched part of the core network is termed Iu-PS. Connection is from RNC to an serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
GSM/GPRS retained UMTS specification support hard handover from UMTS to GSM and vice versa.
Widespread coverage of UMTS take time to complete, if hole exist in UMTS, UMTS subscriber receive service from GSM coverage. Inter-MSC handover- if UTRAN and GSM BSS are supported by different MSCs, then intersystem handover is achieved
Vendor implementation
Network element to supportGSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS
MSC/VLR/HLR/SGSN/GGSN
BS deployed for GSM and UMTS BSC upgraded to act as both GSM BSC and UMTS RNC
Control signaling for ckt switching calls RNC and MSC server. The media path for Ckt switching call-RNC and MG. MG-calls from RNC and route those calls towards their destination over packet backbone Packet backbone Real time Transport Protocol (RTP) over Internet Protocol (IP)
Both voice and data can use IP transport within the core network. Single backbone can be constructed to support both types of services Saves capital and operating expenses compared with constructing and operating separate packet and circuit switched backbone network.
MSC server also support the function of GMSC server. One MGW have the ability to interface both with RAN and PSTN. Calls to or from PSTN can be handled locally. Major saving
Control protocol between MSC server or GMSC server-ITU H.248 protocol Developed jointly by ITU and IETF MEGACO (Media Gateway Control) Call control protocol MSC server and GMSC server MSC server also support the functions of a GMSC server MGW-ability to interface both with RAN and PSTN
HLR/HSS (Home Subscriber Station) HLR-use std signaling System 7 (SS7) based interface HSS-use packet based interface
New elements: CSCF-call state control function manage estb., maint. and release of multimedia sessions to and from user device Fn of translation and routing Acts like a proxy server/registrar MRF-multimedia resource function MGCF-Media Gateway Control Function T-SGW Transport Signaling Gateway R-SGW-Roaming Signaling Gateway User equipment enhanced UE support Session Initiation protocol UE becomes SIP user agent
SGSN and GGSN are enhanced versions of the same nodes used in GPRS and UMTS 1999 & 4. MRF: bridging fn used to support features multiparty calling and meet-me conference services T-SGW: SS7 gateway-SS7 interworking with std external networks such as PSTN R-SGW- mobile networks Both exist in same platform