THE COLORS OF BIRDS.

THE WATER-BUFFALO IN
DELTA RIVER AXIOS.

1st T.E.E POLICHNIS

2003-04
SOME THOUGHTS

WETLANDS

THE COLORS OF BIRDS

A DIFFERENT APPROACH

THE WATER-BUFFALO

DELTA RIVER AXIOS

CONTRIBUTORS
 SWAN (CYGNUS OLOR)

It is the largest aquatic bird, with a wing span of 2.5 meters.

The swan nestles in north and central Europe, Asia and North America. In winter, it reaches
south to North Africa and to northwestern India and Korea. It feeds on aquatic plants, insects,
fish and frogs. When it nestles, the area it dominates can be as large as a small lake. It
becomes very aggressive when defending its nest. Using its powerful wings, it can kill even the
biggest predators. This is where the perception that it can fight to death originates. However,
the belief that it stays with a companion until death parts them is mistaken, as it changes up to
four partners in its life time (up to 25 years). In the Axios delta, it appears in winter but a
number of individuals may also appear during the rest of the year.
MODEL:
YIOLI DIMITRI

CREATION:
YIOTA PETALOTI
MODEL:
DIMITRI YIOLI

CREATION:
YIOTA PETALOTI
MODEL:
DIMITRI YIOLI

CREATION:
YIOTA PETALOTI
 BEE-EATER (MEROPS APIASTER}

Their size is 28 cm. They have a characteristic bright-coloured plumage. They feed on bees
and other insects. Their beak protects them from bee stings and they have developed
behaviour mechanisms for the removal of stings. It lives in groups, flies gracefully like the
swallow, with its wings still. It prefers bushy areas.
It nestles in colonies, in cavities dug out in slopes, sand dunes and river banks. It winters out
in Africa and is a summer visitor to Europe. In the Axios delta, it makes small colonies of
nests in spring.
MODEL:
MINA LIAKOU

CREATION:
POPI TSAKIRI
 I

MODEL:
MINA LIAKOU

CREATION:
POPI TSAKIRI
MODEL:
MINA LIAKOU

CREATION:
POPI TSAKIRI
 HALCYONE (ALCEDO ATTHIS)

It has a length of 16 cm and its plumage a variety of colours. It stalks its aquatic prey and
dives to a depth of 0.5 meters in 1.5 seconds, catching fish up to 7 cm long. It can hover over
one location like a helicopter. It is a solitary bird and forms life-long permanent relationships,
although this has not been verified scientifically. Fishermen complain that it decimates fish-
stocks, environmentalists, however, insist that it feeds on aquatic insects, which in turn feed
on fish larvae, and so in the end it actually protects fish production.
In the Axios delta, it is observed throughout the year but especially in winter.
MODEL:
CHRYSA KEKELIADOU

CREATION:
CHALKIA RANIA
MODEL:
CHRYSA KEKELIADOU

CREATION:
RANIA CHALKIA
 HOOPOE (UPOPA EPOPS)

tI is about 30 cm long. It has distinct feathers on its crest which are black at the top. Its head, neck
and breast have a brown-red colour. It mainly lives on the edge of forests bordering on meadows and
pastures, where sheep graze. It hunts for insects and their larvae, seeking them with its beak in tree
crevices, animal dung and in every cleft or hole it will find. It flies slowly like a butterfly, gracefully
showing the black and white designs of its plumage. It is found throughout Europe as a migratory bird.
It comes to the Axios delta to nestle in spring. The area is also important for migration.
MODEL:
DIANA APOSTOLIDOU

CREATION:
CHRYSA KARPETOPOULOU
MODEL:
DIANA APOSTOLIDOU

CREATION:
CHRYSA KARPETOPOULOU
MODEL:
DIANA APOSTOLIDOU

CREATION:
CHRYSA KARPETOPOULOU
MODEL:
DIANA APOSTOLIDOU

CREATION:
CHRYSA KARPETOPOULOU
 PHEASANT (Phasianus colchicus)

It has a distinctly long and pointed tail and colourful plumage, especially the male. Its ideal
habitat is in small woods, alternating with forests, cultivated shrubs, pastures,thick hedges,
sun-drenched slopes covered with shrubs, brooks and swamps. It is a mainly vegetarian bird,
feeding on seeds of cereals –corn, wheat, oats, forest fruit, roots and turnips, green leaves and
young shoots. But it does not diregard worms, beetles or insects, even small reptiles, lizzards
or snakes. Occasionally, it also picks pieces of gravel which it stores in its crop; this facilitates
the disintegration of food and its digestion.
MODEL:
MARINA KOYIAVA

CREATION:
ELENI YIANNOPOULOU
MODEL:
MARINA KOYIAVA

CREATION:
ELENI YIANNOPOULOU
A bird of creative invention…
MODEL:
LEDIA SELENITSA

CREATION:
DESPINA SIANOU
…and a not-so-creative
story of disappearance
MODEL:
LEDIA SELENITSA

CREATION:
DESRENA SIANOU
MODEL:
LEDIA SELENITSA

CREATION:
DESRENA SIANOU
 WETLANDS
Wetlands have played a very important role in the history of mankind, being among the Earth’s most
productive eco-systems.
Wetlands are areas, natural or man-made, permanently or periodically inundated with water . They
maintain aquatic flora and fauna, that is, species that depend on water for all or part of their lives.
The term wetland, therefore, describes a great variety of habitats which usually come under the
following categories:
#Coastal wetlands #Internal wetlands # Man-made wetlands
Wetlands are important because:
They are reservoirs of water
They provide cleaner water
They have biological wealth
They offer protection from floods and erosion
They help balance the climate
They offer protection from the greenhouse effect
They ofer a variety of subjects for scientific research and training
They are areas where various civilizations have left their mark.
Despite the huge benefits which wetlands offer, they are still regarded today as sources of disease,
obstacles to development or areas appropriate for draining and other uses.
Their destruction in the developed countries has assumed such dimensions that the negative repercussions
are already apparent:
#Loss of the subterranean water deposits
# Lack of adequate quantities for irrigation
# Intense floods
# Erosion
# Accumulation of pollutants and other important problems.
The populations of many plants and animals living in wetlands have begun falling. The losses have
accelerated as mechanical equipment and draining methods have improved
.

GREEK WETLANDS ARE DISAPPEARING

In Macedonia, 37.7% of lakes and 94.3% of swamps have been drained since 1930.
In total, 75% of Macedonia’s wetlands and two-thirds of those in the northern Amvrakikos Gulf have been
lost in the last 45 years.
Wetlands are threatened by:
Draining, designed to turn them into farm land.
Qualitative downgrading. Illegal hunting, unlicensed construction activity, burning of reed-thickets, illegal
logging, overgrazing and overfishing.
Excessive drawing of water. It results in the penetration of sea-water which downgrades its quality.
Destruction of riverside vegetation which reduces their protective potential against erosion and flooding.
 DELTA OF AXIOS
The western coast of Thermaikos Gulf hosts one of our country’s most important wetlands. Four rivers have
contributed to its formation:
Gallikos: It is 65 km long. In recent years, due to the intense drawing of water for the requirements of the
Thessaloniki conurbation and its industrial area, the river dried up and its estuary subsided. As a result, sea-water
has flooded large areas and created marshes and shallow swamps.
Axios: It is the longest river in the Balkans, 380 km, of which 74 are in Greece.
Loudias: It is the shortest of the four rivers. It flows out west of Axios and does not form a delta.
Aliakmonas: It is Greece’s longest river, 350 km, and flows out west of Loudias into Thermaikos Gulf. Its delta
spreads out over an area of 2,200 hectares. The soil is fertile and favour the growth of varied vegetation, which
includes the alophytic zone, covering most of the delta, shrubland and thrifts along the river bed, reed thickets,
prairies with rushes, aquatic vegetation and trees. There are more than 500 species of flora. A total of 215
species of birds have been observed, of which 79 are permanent inhabitants. Herons, spoonbills, glossy ibis,
cormorants, black winged stilt, avocets etc have been observed.
Some birds under immediate threat of extinction, or are extremely rare worldwide, like the easternwhite pelecan,
dalmatian pelecan, sea eagle, slender-billed curlew, pygmy cormorant. Human activities include agriculture, animal
farming and fishing. The are accounts for 70% of the country’s total rice production. Animal farming has been
restricted in recent years, and grazing animals are mainly cattle and 50 water buffalos. Fishing is an important
economic activity in the area, and concerns many species of fish and shells, mainly mussels. Thermaikos Gulf
accounts for 90% of the country’s mussel production.
What are the effects of the human presence? (Note that the wetland is protected under the RAMSAR Treaty, in
which it is listed as an internationally important wetland).
Hunting: It is supposed to be strictly banned in the area. However, a visit in winter suffices for one to
realize the existence of hundreds of spent cartridges. Further evidence is offered by the fact that
many wounded birds at the Greek Centre for the Rehabilitation of Wild Animals (EKPAZ) come from
the particular area. As if this were not enough, a makeshift shooting range was recently set up near
Gallikos river (designated as protection area A).
Garbage dumps: A garbage dump is operated on the eastern edge of Kalohori marshland by the local
municipality. Another dump site, operated by the Halastra municipality, lies to the west and a short
distance from the extended bed of the Axios river.
Illegal construction: Dispersed in the estuaries of Axios and Loudias are mussel-farming installations.
Small tavernas and holiday huts of people from neighbouring villages have begun making their
appearance in the same areas. Unfortunately, all these constructions are unlicensed and multiplying.
Recently, wooden huts of doubtful aesthetics have been erected in the framework of the EU “LEADER”
program, but the unlicensed constructions remain.
Animal farming: Unlicensed constructions have also been erected as stables, mainly for cattle. Large
numbers of cattle, which are difficult for the eco-system to support, graze in Axios’s extended river
bed.
Agriculture: Extensive rice cultivation causes pollution from fertilizers and pesticides.
 ΟΙ ΥΓΡΟΤΟΠΟΙ

Οι υγροτοποι έχουν παίξει ένα πολύ σημαντικό ρόλο στην ιστορία του ανθρώπου αφού
συγκαταλέγονται ανάμεσα στα πιο παραγωγικά οικοσυστήματα της γης.
Υγρότοποι είναι περιοχές, φυσικές ή μη, που κατακλύζονται από νερό μόνιμα ή περιοδικά. Συντηρούν
υδρόβια βλάστηση και πανίδα. Είδη ζώων και φυτών δηλαδή, που εξαρτώνται από το νερό απόλυτα
ή για κάποιο μόνο στάδιο της ζωής τους. Με τον όρο υγρότοποι λοιπόν ονομάζουμε μια μεγάλη ποικιλία
βιοτόπων που συνήθως τους εντάσσουμε στις παρακάτω κατηγορίες:
# Παράκτιοι υγρότοποι # Εσωτερικοί υγρότοποι # Τεχνητοί υγρότοποι
Οι υγρότοποι είναι σημαντικοί γιατί:
9. Είναι αποθήκες νερού. 2. Προσφέρουν καθαρότερο νερό. 3. Έχουν βιολογικό πλούτο. 4. Προσφέρουν
προστασία από τις πλημμύρες και την διάβρωση. 5. Βοηθούν στη ρύθμιση του κλίματος. 6. Βοηθούν
στη προστασία από το φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου. 7. Προσφέρουν μια ποικιλία θεμάτων
για επιστημονική έρευνα και εκπαίδευση. 8. Είναι χώροι όπου άφησαν τα σημάδια τους διάφοροι πολιτισμοί.
Παρά τα τεράστια οφέλη που παρέχουν οι υγρότοποι ακόμη και σήμερα αντιμετωπίζονται σαν
πηγή ασθενειών, εμπόδιο στην ανάπτυξη ή περιοχές κατάλληλες για αποξήρανση και απόδοση
σε άλλες χρήσεις.
Η καταστροφή τους στις αναπτυγμένες χώρες προχώρησε σε τέτοιο βαθμό που δεν άργησαν να
φανούν οι αρνητικές συνέπειες:
# Aπουλιά των υπόγειων αποθεμάτων νερού. #΄Έλλειψη επαρκών ποσοτήτων για άρδευση.
# Έντονες πλημμύρες. # Διάβρωση. # Συσσώρευση ρύπων και άλλα σημαντικά προβλήματα.
Οι πληθυσμοί πολλών φυτών και ζώων που ζουν στους υγρότοπους άρχισαν να μειώνονται.
Οι απώλειες μεγάλωναν καθώς τα μηχανήματα και οι τεχνικές αποξήρανσης βελτιώνονταν.

ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΙ ΥΓΡΟΤΟΠΟΙ ΧΑΝΟΝΤΑΙ

Στη Μακεδονία το 37.7% των λιμνών και το 94.3% των ελών αποξηράνθηκαν από το 1930 μέχρι σήμερα,
Συνολικά το 75% των υγροτόπων της Μακεδονίας χάθηκαν και του βόρειου Αμβρακικού κόλπου κατά τα 2/3
μέσα σε 45 χρόνια.
Οι υγρότοποι απειλούνται από:
28. Αποξήρανση των υγροτόπων με σκοπό την μετατροπή τους σε γεωργική γη.
29. Ποιοτική υποβάθμιση. Παράνομο κυνήγι, αυθαίρετη δόμηση, το κάψιμο των καλαμώνων, η λαθροϋλοτομία,
η υπερβόσκηση και η υπεραλίευση.
31. Υπεράντληση. Έχει σαν αποτέλεσμα την διείσδυση του θαλασσινού νερού που υποβαθμίζει την ποιότητα
του
νερού των υγροτόπων.
4. Καταστροφή της παραποτάμιας βλάστησης. Έτσι μειώνεται η δυνατότητα προστασίας που μας παρέχει
ο υγρότοπος από την διάβρωση και τις πλημμύρες .
 ΟΙ ΥΓΡΟΤΟΠΟΙ

Οι υγροτοποι έχουν παίξει ένα πολύ σημαντικό ρόλο στην ιστορία του ανθρώπου αφού
συγκαταλέγονται ανάμεσα στα πιο παραγωγικά οικοσυστήματα της γης.
Υγρότοποι είναι περιοχές, φυσικές ή μη, που κατακλύζονται από νερό μόνιμα ή περιοδικά. Συντηρούν
υδρόβια βλάστηση και πανίδα. Είδη ζώων και φυτών δηλαδή, που εξαρτώνται από το νερό απόλυτα
ή για κάποιο μόνο στάδιο της ζωής τους. Με τον όρο υγρότοποι λοιπόν ονομάζουμε μια μεγάλη ποικιλία
βιοτόπων που συνήθως τους εντάσσουμε στις παρακάτω κατηγορίες:
# Παράκτιοι υγρότοποι # Εσωτερικοί υγρότοποι # Τεχνητοί υγρότοποι
Οι υγρότοποι είναι σημαντικοί γιατί:
9. Είναι αποθήκες νερού. 2. Προσφέρουν καθαρότερο νερό. 3. Έχουν βιολογικό πλούτο. 4. Προσφέρουν
προστασία από τις πλημμύρες και την διάβρωση. 5. Βοηθούν στη ρύθμιση του κλίματος. 6. Βοηθούν
στη προστασία από το φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου. 7. Προσφέρουν μια ποικιλία θεμάτων
για επιστημονική έρευνα και εκπαίδευση. 8. Είναι χώροι όπου άφησαν τα σημάδια τους διάφοροι πολιτισμοί.
Παρά τα τεράστια οφέλη που παρέχουν οι υγρότοποι ακόμη και σήμερα αντιμετωπίζονται σαν
πηγή ασθενειών, εμπόδιο στην ανάπτυξη ή περιοχές κατάλληλες για αποξήρανση και απόδοση
σε άλλες χρήσεις.
Η καταστροφή τους στις αναπτυγμένες χώρες προχώρησε σε τέτοιο βαθμό που δεν άργησαν να
φανούν οι αρνητικές συνέπειες:
# Aπουλιά των υπόγειων αποθεμάτων νερού. #΄Έλλειψη επαρκών ποσοτήτων για άρδευση.
# Έντονες πλημμύρες. # Διάβρωση. # Συσσώρευση ρύπων και άλλα σημαντικά προβλήματα.
Οι πληθυσμοί πολλών φυτών και ζώων που ζουν στους υγρότοπους άρχισαν να μειώνονται.
Οι απώλειες μεγάλωναν καθώς τα μηχανήματα και οι τεχνικές αποξήρανσης βελτιώνονταν.

ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΙ ΥΓΡΟΤΟΠΟΙ ΧΑΝΟΝΤΑΙ

Στη Μακεδονία το 37.7% των λιμνών και το 94.3% των ελών αποξηράνθηκαν από το 1930 μέχρι σήμερα,
Συνολικά το 75% των υγροτόπων της Μακεδονίας χάθηκαν και του βόρειου Αμβρακικού κόλπου κατά τα 2/3
μέσα σε 45 χρόνια.
Οι υγρότοποι απειλούνται από:
28. Αποξήρανση των υγροτόπων με σκοπό την μετατροπή τους σε γεωργική γη.
29. Ποιοτική υποβάθμιση. Παράνομο κυνήγι, αυθαίρετη δόμηση, το κάψιμο των καλαμώνων, η λαθροϋλοτομία,
η υπερβόσκηση και η υπεραλίευση.
31. Υπεράντληση. Έχει σαν αποτέλεσμα την διείσδυση του θαλασσινού νερού που υποβαθμίζει την ποιότητα
του
νερού των υγροτόπων.
4. Καταστροφή της παραποτάμιας βλάστησης. Έτσι μειώνεται η δυνατότητα προστασίας που μας παρέχει
ο υγρότοπος από την διάβρωση και τις πλημμύρες .
 ΤΑ ΧΡΩΜΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ ΠΟΥΛΙΩΝ

A. THE FORMATION OF:

1.MELANIN: This is the most common pigment in plumage. The more

melanin there is,the darker the colour. Melanin produces black,
grey, dark brown, light brown, brick red, light yellow.

2. CAROTENE: Pigments obtained by birds through their food, such as

yellow carotene from seeds, grass and other plant material. They
produce bright yellow and bright red colours

3. PORPHYRINES: Pigments related to blood components (such as

haemoglobin). They Produce brown and red-brown.

4. STRUCTURAL COLOURS: These colours are due to the analysis of

white light, due to the structure of the feather. They produce
white, blue and green.5. IRIDATION (?)Due to the synthesis of
filters in the cell walls (keratin) or to melanin particles.
 ΤΑ ΧΡΩΜΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ ΠΟΥΛΙΩΝ

B. FUNCTION

Birds’ colourings help them survive and are not for decorative
purposes.Plumage that has one of the pigments referred to above
is stronger(melanin is linked to increased quantities of keratin) and
absorb heat from the sun’s rays, which is sometimes useful to
birds. They also block harmful ultra-violet solar radiation,
protecting birds’ sensitive skins from sunburn. Even birds with
white plumage have either black sins (melanin) or grey plumage
beneath the white (such as seagulls and pelicans).Generally the
pigments are distinguished as cryptics and phanerics.

1. Cryptics
f. Plumage colour matches the external environment. So if birds live
in an earthy or sandy environment they have a soft-smooth
pigmentation pattern. If they live on stony ground they have a
rough pigmentation pattern. By the same token, the colours change
according to the season (winter-summer, winter-summer “suit”).
g. Contrasting colours co-existing in plumage pigmentation reduce
thebird’s three-dimensional image and transform it into a flat,
invisible object.
 ΤΑ ΧΡΩΜΑΤΑ ΤΩΝ ΠΟΥΛΙΩΝ

c. The plumage of a number of birds has separate colour segments

thatprevent them from being recognized (ducks, …. Etc.) by a
potentialpredator

2. Phanerics
d. Distinguishing colours are needed as a sign for rapid recognition of
a friend as distinct from foe or to keep a flock together. A bird
has to be wearing the right “clothes” in order to belong to a social
group of the same species
e. Distinguishing colours as recognition signs are of
considerableimportance for reproduction, as they enable birds to
recognise members of the opposite sex
f. Many species use colours as part of their mating rituals, to attract
mates, to arouse them and coordinate the male and female
reproductive cycles.
g. Colours can be used as a warning or to frighten off predators.
Thus they are used as a means of preserving strength, since they
avert conflict.
h. Strong, rich colours (usually in the male) attract foes away from
the nest, in contrast to the camouflage colours of the female who
stay in the nest to protect the young.
 THE WATERBUFFALO
The water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is reared in large numbers in Asia and Africa.
There are countries, such as China, Burma and India, whose agricultural economy largely
depends on its breeding. It was initially imported into Europe by the Crusaders and today
there are large herds in Bulgaria and Italy.
In Greece, the Mediterranean sub-species numbered over 100,000 animals in the 1950’s,
but today these have dwindled down to a few hundred, of which 50 are in the Axios river
area, in the marshlands of Kalohori.
It is a strong animal, enduring diseases and fed with coarse food, such as reeds, bulrushes,
leaves and tree shoots found near the water in wetlands. Buffalos prefer to refresh
themselves in water rather than seek the shade, and remain in it several hours a day when
the termperature is high. Its milk contains 58% more calcium, 40 % more protein and 43%
less cholesterole than cow’s milk. An increasing number of people suffer from allergies
caused by cow’s milk. Buffalo’s milk does not cause allergies. However, the production of
meat and milk is much lower than that of the cow.
Efforts must be stepped up to increase the number of buffalos because:
Their ability to adapt to even unfavourable environments must not be lost for ever.
Their populations offer a significant amount of genetic information.
Our future needs in buffalo products and services are uknown. Also, it is impossible to
foresee either future diseases or the available sources of animal foods.
We have no right to destroy the native genetic material which we inherited from our
ancestors and which rightfully belongs to our descendants.
MODEL:
MARY KARYPIDOU

CREATION:
DESPINA SIANOU
MODEL:
MARY KARYPIDOU

CREATION:
DESPENA SIANOU
 SOME THOUGHTS
. SOME THOUGHTS
“…several noteworthy animal species prevailed, which were better adapted to the new intensive
production systems and demands of the market. On the other hand many other species, whose
breeding was linked to the intensive exploitation of a particular environment, decline and some even
became extinct.” A. Georgoudis, professor, animal production sector, Agronomy Department,
Thessaloniki University.
The wetlands are disappearing, for various reasons, and along with them dozens of species of the
animal kingdom are at risk.
An example: Now only about 50 animals of the Mediterranean sub-species of waterbuffalo remain
in the region, one of the last remaining in Greece, compared to 100000 animals in the whole of the
country 50 years ago.
Also are being disappeared many of the representatives of the winged species. The colour of birds’
plumage is adapted to the need to survive in their natural habitat. It is the result of the evolutionary
process of adaptation over thousands of years in an environment that has changed extremely
slowly in the human concept of time. The colours therefore do not help them survive in an
environment that Is changing rapidly due to human intervention.
The purpose of the programme was to help school students realise the importance of conserving
the Axios River Delta and wetlands in general, to study the dangers arising from uncontrolled
human intervention, and to draw conclusions in a broader section of society.
I am well aware of the students’ ability to influence society outside their school, displaying the
talents and the knowledge they acquire at the school.
The applied educational process at this project was mainly experienced in field. So many visits at
Delta River Axios were taken place by the students and pictures were taken as well. Also students
practiced with each other, the technique of body-painting which is part of the school curriculum,
focusing on the bird colours and the head of the water Buffalo .
Hopping that I accomplished the goal of the project

KLEANTHIS VASDOKAS teacher/coordinator

 CONTRIBUTORS

The following students took part in the program:

APOSTOLIDOU DIANA, YIANNOPOULOU ELENH, KARYPIDOU MAIRY, GEORGIADIS KOSTAS. YOLI DIMITRI,
KARPETOPOULOU CHRYSA, LIAKOU MINA, PETALOTI YIOTA, SIANOU DINA, SIANOU EVGENIA,
SIANOU DESRENA,SELENITSA LEDIA, TSITSIRIKOU ELENI, EKKLISIARA ELENI, PEITSIDOU ELENI,
CHALKIA RANIA, KOYIAVA MARINA, KEKELIADOU CHRYSA.

THE STUDIO PHOTOS WERE TAKEN BY KLEANTHIS VASDOKAS.

THE EXTERNAL PHOTOS WERE TAKEN BY THE STUDENTS, KOSTAS GEORGIADIS AND EVGENIA SIANOU.

THE SUPERVISING TEACHERS WERE:

KLEANTHIS VASDOKAS, TEACHER OF SCIENCE, STELLA PARYIANA,TEACHER OF AESTHETICS
MARIA KONSTA, TEACHER OF AESTHETICS, CHAROULA KARAYIANNAKIDOU,
TEACHER OF FRENCH LANGUAGE, MARIA GRIGORIADOU,TEACHER OF MAIEUTIC.
TEACHER/COORDINATOR: KLEANTHIS VASDOKAS te.l +2310328503/+6977817031
HEADMASTER OF THE SCHOOL: ALEXANDROS TSAOULIDIS

BIBLIOGRAPHY: “Manual of ornithology: avian structure and function” Nobel S. Prator, Patrick J. Lynch.

“The Life of Birds” 1975 by W.b. Saunders Company.

- A. Georgoudis: - “Maintenance and potential for tapping and improving the native races of farm animals in
danger of extinction”.
- A. Georgoudis: “Research into the population and production systems of buffalos in Greek wetlands”
- “Buffalo-breeding”
-Web sources and Greek bibliography on Microsoft tools