Topic 3 Operational Amplifier (Op- Amp)

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)

CLO1. explain correctly the principles of electronic circuits by using block diagram or circuit diagram (C4) CLO2. conduct the construction of electronic circuits application during practical works based on the theory and principle operation of the circuits. (P4) CLO3. deliver an oral presentation to display good communication skills. (A2)
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this topic students should be able to:

3.1

Explain the general op-amp circuit design

3.2

Explain the differential amplifier

3.3 3.4

Draw complimentary and push pull amplifier

Explain the ideal characteristics of op-amp

3.5

Construct the op-amp configurations

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Operational Amplifier (Op- Amp) 1) What is the meaning of operational amplifier? 2) Symbol of operational amplifier. 3) Block diagram of operational amplifier.

Operational Amplifier
An op amp is a high voltage gain, DC amplifier with high input impedance, low output impedance, and differential inputs. Positive input at the non-inverting input produces positive output, positive input at the inverting input produces negative output.

Block diagram of DC op amp

TERM DEFINITION

1.

Input bias current

Op-amps have a small current called the Input Bias Current, IBias. IBias is a DC current flowing in or out of the input terminals It is defined as the average of the currents at the two terminals. IBias is really the Base or Gate current of the input transistors.

2.

Input Offset Current

Different in IBias between the two input transistor in op amp. IBias (inverting) and IBias (non-inverting) are not equal Input offset current = IBias (inverting) - IBias
(non - inverting)

3. Input Offset Voltage

The difference in input voltages necessary to bring the output to zero is called the input offset voltage, VOS.

4. Common Mode Gain

Gain when both input terminal have same signal. When Vin = 0, Vo = 0

5. Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is a performance specification of an electronic circuit component. Normally Common mode gain << 1 For op-amp 741, Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) = 90dB
Closed loop gain ( AoL) CMRR = 20 log _______________________ Common mode gain(Acm)

Question
1) What is the meaning of input bias current?

Question
2) What is the meaning of input offset voltage?

Operational Amplifier configurations

The second most basic format of an op amp circuit is the non inverting amplifier. This configuration uses negative feedback to stabilize the voltage gain. Used to increase the amplitude of the input signal. Circuit is as follows;

Non inverting amplifier

Using the formula to calculate the output voltage of a potential divider network, we can calculate the closed-loop voltage gain (Av) of the Noninverting Amplifier as follows

Non inverting amplifier

Non inverting amplifier

Then the closed loop voltage gain of a Non-inverting Amplifier is given as:

Non inverting amplifier

Phase relationship between input and output voltage of the non inverting amplifier

Example
From the diagram, calculate the value of Vo if 1V is applied to the circuit.

Answer

Question 1
From figure 1, calculate the values of voltage gain if R2 = 12K and Rf = 50K. Figure 1

Question 2
Calculate the values of V1 if Vout = 5V, R2 = 100K and Rf = 50K

Question 3
If non inverting op-amp produces a gain of Rf/Ra, draw the input-output connection of the op-amp

Question 4
By referring to question 3, given a gain of 10 for the op-amp, the input voltage 0.24V, what is the output voltage?

Inverting Amplifier

Used to amplify and phase reverse the input signal. Inverting input is a virtual earth.

Inverting Amplifier
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Inverting Amplifier

Inverting Amplifier
Then, the Closed-Loop Voltage Gain of an Inverting Amplifier is given as.

and this can be transposed to give Vout as :

Inverting Amplifier

Phase relationship between input and output voltage of the inverting amplifier

Question 5
From figure 2, calculate the values of voltage gain if Rin = 12K and Rf = 50K
Figure 2

Question 6
Calculate the values of V1 if Vout = 5V, Rin = 100K and Rf = 50K

Question 7
If an inverting op-amp produces a gain of Rf/Ra, draw the input-output connection of the op-amp

Question 8
By referring to question 7, given a gain of 10 for the op-amp, the input voltage 0.24V, what is the output voltage?

Summing amplifier
Used to mix the input signals

Summing amplifier
Circuit Analysis:

Subtractor
Used to substract input signal.

Subtractor
Circuit Analysis

Subtractor

Subtractor

Subtractor

Differentiator

Differentiator
Circuit Analysis: Since the node voltage of the operational amplifier at its inverting input terminal is zero, the current, i flowing through the capacitor will be given as;

= Ic

Differentiator

Integrator

Integrator
Integrator Amplifier is an operational amplifier circuit that performs the mathematical operation of Integration. The integrator amplifier acts like a storage element that "produces a voltage output which is proportional to the integral of its input voltage with respect to time"

Integrator
Circuit analysis The voltage across the capacitor is output Vout therefore: Vout = Q/C. If the capacitor is charging and discharging, the rate of charge of voltage across the capacitor is given as:

Integrator
But dQ/dt is electric current and since the node voltage of the integrating op-amp at its inverting input terminal is zero, X = 0, the input current I(in) flowing through the input resistor, Rin is given as:

Integrator

The current flowing through the feedback capacitor C is given as:

Integrator

Assuming that the input impedance of the op-amp is infinite (ideal op-amp), no current flows into the op-amp terminal. Therefore, the nodal equation at the inverting input terminal is given as:

Integrator

Integrator
From which we derive an ideal voltage output for the Integrator Amplifier as:

To simplify the math's a little, this can also be re-written as:

Comparator

Comparator
The Comparator an Open-Loop Device When applying a comparator, the designer compares the voltage level at two inputs. The comparator produces a digital output that corresponds to the inputs: If the voltage on the noninverting (+) input is greater than the voltage on the inverting (-) input, the output of the comparator goes to low impedance on for open collector / drain outputs. If the voltage on the noninverting (+) input is less than the voltage on the inverting (-) input, the output of the comparator goes to high impedance off for open collector / drain outputs

Comparator

Comparator

1.The ideal Op-Amp

Test 1
Tolong baca dan fahami !!! type of regulator cct, bridge rect.draw and operation, Block oscillator, calculate harley freq., characteristic of ideal opamp. Noninverting.

THE END

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Operational amplifier