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Introduction:
Amebas
exist as either obligate parasites that thrive
only when in a host, or as free-living amebas
that exist primarily in the environment and
only occasionally cause human infection.
Two Forms:
Acanthamoeba in brain
Acanthamoeba cysts
Naegleria fowleri
a.k.a : “the brain-eating amoeba”
• Causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis
Found in:
soil, warm fresh water, shallow lakes and
ponds
Habitat in man:
meninges of the brain
IS/DS:
trophozoite
MOT:
nasal entry
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
Antibodies to E. Hystolitica
Monoclonal antibody
(Horseradish peroxidase
labeled anti-E. Hystolitica
antibody)
Substrate TMB
(tetramethylbenzidine)
Microwell
Second
Aliquot
The ofstrips
diluted
immobilized coated
stool
In a
Whenpositive
a is
stop
with
Monoclonal
sample
antibodies
Addition of
antibodies added
bind to E.E.
any
sample, the
solution is
Hystolitica
antibodies
substrate
hystolitica TMB
antigens
solution
added toturns
the
(horseradish
(tetramethylbenzi
present in the sample
blue color.
peroxidase the
blue
dine)
color,
solutionanti-E.
labeled turns
yellow.
Hystolitica
antibody) is
added
ELISA for Detecting
Antibody
• The technique is widely thought to be sufficient for clinical
purposes (particularly in diagnosing ALA patients), since the
value of specific antibodies detected in symptomatic
patients is thought to be high
• Serum anti-lectin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies could be
present within 1 week after the onset of symptoms of
patients with amebic colitis and ALA
Test Principle Detect Sample Company
Entamoeba Histolytica
E. Histolytica test EIA Antigen Fecal Wampole
E. Histolytica test EIA Antigen Fecal TechLab
RIDASCREEN Entamoeba EIA Antigen Fecal R-
Biopharm
ProSpecT E. Histolytica EIA Antigen Fecal GmbH
Alexon
Assay Trend
Indirect Hemagglutination test for Amoebiasis
Patient’s sample
Cellulose Acetate
Precipitin (CAP) Test
• Test to detect significantly raised levels of anti-
E.hystolitica antibodies in serum.
• Highly specific for invasive amoebiasis.
• This test relies on the surface diffusion of specific globulins
and soluble antigen to produce a line of precipitation where
they meet which can be visualized by staining.
• A Cellulose Acetate Precipitin test (CAP) will be performed
if the IFAT is positive. This test is less sensitive than the
IFAT.
• A positive is confirmatory evidence of active infection.
• A negative CAP in the presence of a positive may suggest
early infection
Indirect Flourescencent Antibody
Test
Acanthamoeba N. Fowleri
Molecular Diagnosis