Discovering Computers 2009

Chapter 9 Communication s and Networks

Chapter 9 Objectives
Discuss the components required for successful communications Identify various sending and receiving devices Explain the purpose of communications software

Describe various types of lines for communications over the telephone network Describe commonly used communications devices

Describe uses of computer communications

List advantages of using a network Discuss different ways to set up a home network Differentiate among client/server, peer-to-peer, and P2P networks Describe the various network communications standards

Identify various physical and wireless transmission media

Communications

Communications
communications What are computer___________________?

Process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information

Communications
What is needed for successful communications?
Sending device __________________ Communications initiates instruction to device connects transmit data, the sending device to instructions, or the communications information channel
Communications channel

__________________ media on which data, instructions, or information travel

Communications device connects the communications channel to the receiving device

Receiving device _________________ accepts transmission of data, instructions, or information

p. 460 - 461

Uses of Computer Communications

Uses of Computer Communications

What are some uses of communications technology?
Internet Web E-Mail Instant Messaging

Chat Rooms

Newsgroups

Blogs

Wikis

RSS

VoIP

FTP
Fax Machine or Computer Fax/Modem

Web Folders

Video Conferencing

p. 462

Uses of Computer Communications

What are wireless messaging services?
Text messaging allows users to send and receive short text messages on a phone or other mobile device Wireless instant messaging allows wireless mobile devices to exchange messages Picture/video
messaging allows users to send graphics, pictures, video clips, sound files, and short text messages

p. 463 - 464

Uses of Computer Communications

wireless Internet access points What are _______________________________ allows wireless connection to Internet in public location 3G and 4G networks Cybercaf _______________is a coffee house that provides computers with Internet access

p. 464-465 Fig. 9-4

Uses of Computer Communications

global positioning system (GPS) What is a _____________________________?

A navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receivers geographic location.

p. 466 Fig. 9-6

Uses of Computer Communications

Collaboration ____________________is working with other users connected to a server

Web conference
Groupware _______________is software that allows people work together and share information

p. 467 Fig. 9-7

Uses of Computer Communications

Voice mail ___________________is voice message converted to digital form Web services _____________________describe standardized software that enables programmers to create applications that communicate with other remote computers over the Internet or on an internal business network

p. 468 Fig. 9-8

Networks

p. 469 Fig. 9-9

Networks
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected via communications devices and transmission media

p. 469 Fig. 9-9

Networks
Network classifications
LAN ____________is a network in limited geographical area such as home or office building LAN (WLAN) Wireless ____________ LA _____________________________ Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects _____s N in city or town Wide area network (WAN) is a network that _____________________________ covers large geographic area using many types of media

Internet is worlds largest_________ WAN ____________

Network
Network Architectures
Client/Server _____________: One or more computers act as host computer and other computers access the host computer peer-to-peer _______________: Simple network that connects fewer than 10 computers. Each computer has equal capabilities

Internet peer-to-peer (P2P) _________________________: Enables users to

connect to each others hard disks and exchange files directly. Sometimes called a file sharing network.

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

Network
Network Topology: the layout of the computers in a network.
Bus network 1. _____________: All computers and devices connect to
central cable or bus

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

Network
Network Topology
Ring network Cable 2. _____________:
forms closed loop (ring), with all computers and devices arranged along ring. Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one direction

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

Network
Network Topology
Star network 3. _____________: All
devices connect to a central device (hub or switch) All data transferred from one computer to another passes through hub or switch.

p. 472 Fig. 9-13

Networks
intranet What is an___________?
Internal network that uses Internet technologies

Makes information accessible to employees

Typically includes connection to Internet

Extranet allows customers or suppliers to access _________ part of companys __________ intranet

p. 475

Network Communications Standards

p. 476

Network Communications Standards

___________ technology allows computers to contend Ethernet for access to network. No controlling computers or devices.
If two computers send data at same time, a collision occurs and computers must send again Bus topology, but sometimes star topology

Token ring _______________ technology controls access to network by requiring devices to pass a special signal, called token

p. 476

Network Communications Standards

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) _____________________________________________ technology transmits data by breaking it up into small pieces, or packets.
Commonly used for Internet transmissions

802.11 (Wi-Fi) is a family of standards for _______________ wireless LANs

p. 476

Network Communications Standards

___________ Bluetooth Short-range radio waves transmit data between Bluetooth devices
Contains a small chip to communicate with each other.

WAB is a specification allows data to be _______ transferred wirelessly via short-range radio waves. IrDA specification allows data to be transferred _______ wirelessly via infrared light waves.

p. 476

Network Communications Standards

___________ uses radio signals to communicate RFID with a tag placed in an object
Radio Frequency Identification.

WiMAX is a standard that specifies how wireless _______ devices communicate over the air in a wide area.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WAP allow wireless mobile devices _______ to access Internet.

Wireless Application Protocol Use client/server network.

p. 476

Communications Software

Communications Software
What is communications software?
Programs that help users establish connection to Internet, other network, or another computer

Programs that help users manage transmission of data, instructions, and information

Programs that provide an interface for users to communicate with one another

p. 480

Communications Over the Telephone Network

p. 481 Fig. 9-23

Communications Over the Telephone Network

public switched telephone network (PSTN) _______________________________________________: Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls. The entire telephone network uses digital technology. But, the final link from the local telephone company to a home often uses analog.

p. 481 Fig. 9-23

Communications Over the Telephone Network Various lines that use the telephone network for data communications
dial-up line 1. _______________ Temporary connection using telephone line for communications

Costs no more than making regular call Computers at any two locations can establish a connection using modems and telephone network

Dedicated line 2. _______________ Always-on connection between two communications devices There are five types of lines.
p. 481

Communications Over the Telephone Network Dedicated lines

_______________ Integrated Services Digital ISDN lines
Network. Require both ends of the connection have ________ ISDN modem. __________Digital Subscriber Line DSL For the small business or home user __________Fiber to the Premises FTTP Use fiber-optic cable to provide extremely highspeed Internet access

p. 481

Communications Over the Telephone Network Dedicated lines

_______________ Long-distance digital telephone T-Carrier lines
lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line. T1 line is most popular. __________ Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Very high speed. Large amounts of traffic use this.

p. 481

Communications Devices

p. 484

Communications Devices
Dial-up modem _________________

Converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa Usually in the form of an adapter card

p. 485

Communications Devices
ISDN and DSL modems ? What are____________________

Communications devices that send and receive digital ISDN and DSL signals Usually external devices in which one end connects to a telephone line and the other end connects to a port on the system unit

p. 485

Communications Devices
What is a_____________? cable modem
Sends and receives data over cable television network Much faster than dial-up modem or ISDN Sometimes called a broadband modem

p. 484 - 486 Fig. 9-28

Communications Devices
wireless modem What is a________________?

Allows access to the Web wirelessly from a notebook computer, a smart phone, or other mobile device Typically use the same waves used by cellular telephones

Communications Devices
network card What is a______________?

Adapter card, PC Card, ExpressCard module, USB network adapter, or flash card that enables computer or device to access network Sometimes called network interface card (NIC)
p. 486 - 487 Fig. 9-30

Communications Devices
wireless access point What is a_____________________?

Central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or wirelessly to a wired network

p. 487 Fig. 9-31

Communications Devices
What is a____________? router
Connects computers and transmits data to correct destination on network Routers forward data on Internet using fastest available path Some routers have a built-in hardware firewall

Communications Devices
What is a_______________? hub or switch
Device that provides central point for cables in network

Home Networks
What is a home network?
Multiple computers connected in home Several types of home networks

Ethernet connect computers via cable Powerline cable use electrical lines in house Phoneline use telephone lines

Communications Channel

Communications Channel
What is a communications channel?
Transmission media on which data travels in communications system
Transmission media are materials or substances capable of carrying one or more signals

Bandwidth is amount of data that can travel over a communications channel

Physical Transmission Media

What is physical transmission media?

Wire, cable, and other tangible materials used to send communications signals

p. 492 Fig. 9-36

Physical Transmission Media

Twisted-pair ______________cable consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together. It is used for telephone systems and network cabling

Coaxial _________cable consists of a single copper wire. It is often used for

cable television wiring

p. 493 Fig. 9-379-38

Physical Transmission Media

fiber-optic What is __________cable? Consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic Capable of carrying significantly more data at faster speeds than wire cables

Less susceptible to interference (noise) and, therefore, more secure

Wireless Transmission Media

What is wireless transmission media?

Used when inconvenient, impractical, or impossible to install cables Includes Bluetooth and IrDA

p. 494 Fig. 9-40

Wireless Transmission Media

Broadcast radio ________________ distributes radio signals over long and short distances Cellular radio ________________ is form of broadcast radio ________________ used for mobile communications

Wireless Transmission Media

microwave What is a __________station?

Earth-based reflective dish used for microwave communications Must transmit in straight line with no obstructions

Wireless Transmission Media

communications satellite What is a_______________________?

Space station that receives microwave signals from earth-based station, amplifies signals, and broadcasts signals back to any number of earth-based stations

Summary of Communications and Networks

Communications terminology and applications Various communications devices, media, and procedures How to join computers into a network

Chapter 9 Complete